assault

English

Etymology

From Middle English assaut, from Old French noun assaut, derived from the past participle of the verb assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assail. Spelling Latinized around 1530 to add an l.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /əˈsɔːlt/
• (US) IPA^(key): /əˈsɔlt/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /əˈsɑlt/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

  • (regional, California) IPA^(key): /əˈsʌlt/
• Rhymes: -ɔːlt, (cot–caught merger) -ɒlt, (regional, California) -ʌlt

Noun

assault (countable and uncountable, plural assaults)

1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, for example blows, weapons, etc.

   The army made an assault on the enemy.

   • 1855–1858, William H[ickling] Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC:

     The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault.

   • 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion, Book 5:

     Unshaken bears the assault / Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Batarians Codex entry:

     Hostilities peaked with the Skyllian Blitz of 2176, an attack on the human capital of Elysium by batarian-funded pirates and slavers. In 2178, the Alliance retaliated with a crushing assault on the moon of Torfan, long used as a staging base by batarian-backed criminals. In the aftermath, the batarians retreated into their own systems, and are now rarely seen in Citadel space.

2. A violent verbal attack, for example with insults, criticism, and the like

   She launched a written assault on the opposition party.

3. (criminal law) An attempt to commit battery: a violent attempt, or willful effort with force or violence, to do hurt to another, but without necessarily touching the person, such as by raising a fist in a threatening manner, or by striking at the person and missing.
4. (singular only, law) The crime whose action is such an attempt.
6. (tort law) An act that causes someone to apprehend imminent bodily harm (such as brandishing a weapon).
7. (singular only, law) The tort whose action is such an act.
8. (fencing) A non-competitive combat between two fencers.

Synonyms

• onfall, onrush

Coordinate terms

• battery

Derived terms

• antiassault
• apesault
• counterassault
• cyberassault
• microassault
• nonassault
• reassault

 

Compound words and expressions

• aggravated assault
• assault and battery
• assault at arms
• assault course
• assault rifle
• assault weapon
• indecent assault
• sexual assault
• tubular assault
• verbal assault

 

Translations

violent onset or attack with physical means

• Albanian: sulm (sq) m
• Arabic: اِعْتِدَاء (ar) m (iʕtidāʔ)
• Armenian: հարձակում (hy) (harjakum)
• Azerbaijani: basqın (az)
• Belarusian: на́пад m (nápad)
• Bengali: আক্রমণ (bn) (akromon)
• Bulgarian: ата́ка (bg) f (atáka), нападе́ние (bg) n (napadénie), щурм (bg) m (šturm) (military)
• Catalan: assalt (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 突擊／突击 (zh) (tújí), 攻擊／攻击 (zh) (gōngjī, gōngjí)

• Czech: útok (cs) m, přepadení (cs) n, napadení n
• Danish: overfald (da) n, angreb (da) n
• Dutch: aanranding (nl) f, overval (nl) m
• Esperanto: atenci
• Estonian: kallaletung, rünnak
• Finnish: hyökkäys (fi), päällekarkaus (fi)
• French: assaut (fr) m, agression (fr) f
• Georgian: თავდასხმა (tavdasxma)
• German: Anschlag (de) m, Überfall (de) m, Angriff (de) m
• Greek: προσβολή (el) f (prosvolí)

  Ancient: ὁρμή f (hormḗ), προσβολή f (prosbolḗ)

• Hebrew: תְּקִיפָה f (t'kifá)
• Hindi: आक्रमण (hi) m (ākramaṇ)
• Hungarian: támadás (hu), (in the military sense) roham (hu), ostrom (hu)
• Icelandic: áhlaup (is) n
• Italian: assalto (it), attacco (it), aggressione (it), arrembaggio (it) m, all'arrembaggio m
• Japanese: 襲撃 (ja) (しゅうげき, shūgeki), 突撃 (ja) (とつげきし, totsugeki), 攻撃 (ja) (こうげき, kōgeki), 暴行 (ja) (ぼうこう, bōkō)
• Kabuverdianu: agredí, agridi
• Korean: 돌격(突擊) (ko) (dolgyeok), 공격(攻擊) (ko) (gonggyeok), 폭행(暴行) (ko) (pokhaeng)
• Latin: impetus m, assultus m
• Latvian: uzbrukums m, trieciens m
• Lithuanian: užpuolimas m
• Macedonian: напад m (napad)
• Malayalam: ആക്രമം (ākramaṁ)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: overfall (no) n, angrep n

• Occitan: assalt (oc) m
• Persian: یورش (fa) (yureš), تجاوز (fa) (tajâvoz), حمله (fa) (hamle)
• Polish: napaść (pl), szturm (pl) m
• Portuguese: agressão (pt) f, ataque (pt) m, assalto (pt) m (chiefly in military contexts)
• Romanian: asalt (ro) n, atac (ro) n
• Russian: нападе́ние (ru) n (napadénije), ата́ка (ru) f (atáka), штурм (ru) m (šturm) (military)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: на́пад m

  Roman: nápad (sh) m

• Slovak: útok m, prepadnutie n, napadnutie n
• Slovene: napad (sl) m
• Spanish: asalto (es) m, acometimiento (es) m, agresión (es), ataque (es)
• Swedish: överfall (sv) n, angrepp (sv) n, attack (sv) c
• Tagalog: pagsalakay, panlalaban
• Tajik: ҳамла (hamla), юриш (yuriš), ҳуҷум (hujum)
• Turkish: saldırı (tr)
• Ukrainian: на́пад m (nápad), штурм m (šturm)
• Urdu: حَمْلَہ m (hamlā)
• Walloon: assåt (wa) m

violent onset or attack with moral weapons

• Finnish: hyökkäys (fi)
• Portuguese: agressão (pt) f, ataque (pt) m

legal: violent attempt, or willful effort with force or violence to hurt another

• Finnish: pahoinpitelyn yritys
• Italian: aggressione (it) f
• Japanese: 暴行 (ja) (ぼうこう, bōkō)
• Korean: 폭행(暴行) (ko) (pokhaeng)
• Portuguese: agressão (pt) f

legal: crime whose action is such an attempt

• Finnish: pahoinpitelyn yritys
• Italian: aggressione (it) f
• Japanese: 暴行 (ja) (ぼうこう, bōkō)
• Portuguese: agressão (pt) f

legal: act that causes someone to apprehend imminent bodily harm

• Finnish: pahoinpitely (fi)

legal: tort whose action is such an act

• Finnish: pahoinpitely (fi)

fencing: non-competitive combat

• Portuguese: assalto (pt) m

Verb

assault (third-person singular simple present assaults, present participle assaulting, simple past and past participle assaulted)

1. (transitive) To attack, physically or figuratively; to assail.

   Tom was accused of assaulting another man outside a nightclub.

   Loud music assaulted our ears as we entered the building.

2. (transitive) To threaten or harass. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Derived terms

• assaultable
• assaultee
• assaulter
• assaultive
• microassault
• nonassaulted
• sexually assault
• unassaulted

 

Translations

to attack

• Bulgarian: атакувам (bg) (atakuvam), щурмувам (bg) (šturmuvam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 攻擊／攻击 (zh) (gōngjī, gōngjí)

• Dutch: aanranden (nl), vergrijpen (nl)
• Finnish: hyökätä (fi), käydä päälle, käydä kimppuun
• French: attaquer (fr), agresser (fr)
• German: überfallen (de), angreifen (de)
• Hindi: आक्रमण (hi) (ākramaṇ)
• Hungarian: megtámad (hu), megrohamoz (hu), ostromol (hu), megostromol (hu)
• Italian: attaccare (it), aggredire (it), assalire (it), molestare (it)
• Japanese: 襲う (ja) (osou), 攻める (ja) (semeru), 襲撃する (ja) (shūgeki suru)
• Latin: assultō, incessō
• Maori: taiapu, haupatu
• Norman: assauter
• Portuguese: agredir (pt)
• Russian: напада́ть (ru) impf (napadátʹ), напа́сть (ru) pf (napástʹ), (military) атакова́ть (ru) impf or pf (atakovátʹ), (military) штурмова́ть (ru) impf or pf (šturmovátʹ)
• Spanish: asaltar (es), atacar (es), agredir (es)
• Walloon: assåder (wa)

References

• “assault”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Middle French

Noun

assault m (plural assauls)

1. (chiefly military) assault; attack

Descendants

• French: assaut