攻める
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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攻 |
せ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From the Classical Japanese verb せむ (semu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Cognate with 責める (semeru), 迫る (semaru), 狭める (sebameru), 狭まる (sebamaru), and 狭い (semai).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「攻める」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
攻める | せめる | [sèméꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 攻めろ | せめろ | [sèméꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 攻められる | せめられる | [sèméráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 攻めさせる | せめさせる | [sèmésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 攻められる | せめられる | [sèméráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 攻めよう | せめよー | [sèméyóꜜò] |
Negative | 攻めない | せめない | [sèméꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 攻めなかった | せめなかった | [sèméꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 攻めます | せめます | [sèmémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 攻めた | せめた | [séꜜmètà] |
Conjunctive | 攻めて | せめて | [séꜜmètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 攻めれば | せめれば | [sèméꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]攻める • (semeru) transitive ichidan (stem 攻め (seme), past 攻めた (semeta))
- to attack; to assault
- ロシアはドイツを攻めた。
- Roshia wa doitsu o semeta.
- Russia attacked Germany.
- ロシアはドイツを攻めた。
- (informal) to take a risky and bold approach
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "攻める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 攻め | せめ | seme | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 攻め | せめ | seme | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 攻める | せめる | semeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 攻める | せめる | semeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 攻めれ | せめれ | semere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 攻めよ¹ 攻めろ² |
せめよ¹ せめろ² |
semeyo¹ semero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 攻められる | せめられる | semerareru | |
Causative | 攻めさせる 攻めさす |
せめさせる せめさす |
semesaseru semesasu | |
Potential | 攻められる 攻めれる³ |
せめられる せめれる³ |
semerareru semereru³ | |
Volitional | 攻めよう | せめよう | semeyō | |
Negative | 攻めない 攻めぬ 攻めん |
せめない せめぬ せめん |
semenai semenu semen | |
Negative continuative | 攻めず | せめず | semezu | |
Formal | 攻めます | せめます | sememasu | |
Perfective | 攻めた | せめた | semeta | |
Conjunctive | 攻めて | せめて | semete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 攻めれば | せめれば | semereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Derived terms
[edit]- 攻め寄せる (semeyoseru)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 攻 read as せ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese shimo ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese informal terms