狭い
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
狭 |
せま Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
狹い (kyūjitai) |
Kanji in this term |
---|
狭 |
せば Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
狹い (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 狭し (semashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Originally 狭し (sebashi); underwent a sound change from /b/ to /m/, similar to 寂しい (sabishii, samishii, “lonely, desolate”), 頭 (tsuburi, tsumuri, “head”), and 煙 (keburi, kemuri, “smoke”).
Cognate with 攻める (semeru), 責める (semeru), 迫る (semaru), 狭める (sebameru), and 狭まる (sebamaru).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「狭い」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 狭く | せまく せまく |
[séꜜmàkù] [sèmáꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 狭い | せまい | [sèmáꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 狭い | せまい | [sèmáꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 狭くない | せまくない せまくない |
[séꜜmàkùnàì] [sèmáꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 狭かった | せまかった せまかった |
[séꜜmàkàttà] [sèmáꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 狭くなかった | せまくなかった せまくなかった |
[séꜜmàkùnàkàttà] [sèmáꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 狭いです | せまいです | [sèmáꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 狭くて | せまくて せまくて |
[séꜜmàkùtè] [sèmáꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 狭ければ | せまければ せまければ |
[séꜜmàkèrèbà] [sèmáꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
[edit]狭い or 狭い • (semai or sebai) -i (adverbial 狭く (semaku))
- (pertaining to width) narrow, confined
- Antonym: 広い (hiroi)
- (pertaining to area) small
- 世間は狭いですね。
- Seken wa semai desu ne.
- It's a small world isn't it.
- 世間は狭いですね。
- (golf) short
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 狭い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 狭かろ | せまかろ | semakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 狭く | せまく | semaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 狭い | せまい | semai |
Attributive (連体形) | 狭い | せまい | semai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 狭けれ | せまけれ | semakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 狭かれ | せまかれ | semakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 狭くない | せまくない | semaku nai |
Informal past | 狭かった | せまかった | semakatta |
Informal negative past | 狭くなかった | せまくなかった | semaku nakatta |
Formal | 狭いです | せまいです | semai desu |
Formal negative | 狭くないです | せまくないです | semaku nai desu |
Formal past | 狭かったです | せまかったです | semakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 狭くなかったです | せまくなかったです | semaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 狭くて | せまくて | semakute |
Conditional | 狭ければ | せまければ | semakereba |
Provisional | 狭かったら | せまかったら | semakattara |
Volitional | 狭かろう | せまかろう | semakarō |
Adverbial | 狭く | せまく | semaku |
Degree | 狭さ | せまさ | semasa |
Derived terms
[edit]- 肩身が狭い (katami ga semai, “feeling ashamed”)
- 肩身の狭い (katami no semai, “ashamed”)
- 心の狭い (kokoro no semai, “narrow-minded, shallow”)
- 視野の狭い (shiya no semai, “shortsighted, narrow-minded”)
- 世間は広い様で狭い (seken wa hiroi yō de semai, “it's a small world after all”)
- 所狭い (tokoro semai, “crowded, overflowing, cramped”)
- 度量の狭い (doryō no semai, “parochial, narrow-minded, prejudiced”)
- 狭い部屋 (semai heya, “a small room”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 狭 read as せま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 狭 read as せば
- Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Golf