vil

See also: vi-l, víl, and vil.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• viil, biil (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German vil, from Old High German filu, from Proto-Germanic *felu. Cognate with German viel, Dutch veel, English fele, Icelandic fjöl-.

Adjective

vil

1. (Luserna) much, many

Derived terms

• biavl

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɪl]

Etymology 1

Noun

vil f

1. genitive plural of vila

Etymology 2

Participle

vil

1. masculine singular past active participle of vít

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/, [ve(l)]
• Rhymes: -e

Verb

vil

1. present of ville
2. imperative of ville

Fala

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vĩir. Compare Portuguese vir and Galician vir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbil/
• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: vil

Verb

vil

1. to come

Conjugation

Conjugation of vil (Lagarteiru)

infinitive			vil
gerund			vindu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		vindu		vinda
		plural		vindus		vindas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veñu	ves	ven	vimus	vindis	venin
	imperfect	viña	viñas	viña	víñamus	viñis	viñan
	preterite	viñi	viñestis viñetis	viñu	viñemus	viñestis viñetis	viñeran
	future	velné	velnás	velná	velnemus	velneis	velnán
	conditional	vilnía	vilnías	vilnía	vilníamus	vilníis	vilnían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veña	veñas	veña	veñamus	veñais	veñan
	imperfect (ra)	viñera	viñeras	viñera	viñéramus	viñeris	viñeran
	imperfect (si)	viñesi	viñesis	viñesi	viñésimus	viñesis	viñesin
imperative		—	ven	—	—	vindi	—

Conjugation of vil (Mañegu)

infinitive			vil
gerund			vindu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		vindu		vinda
		plural		vindus		vindas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veñu	ves	ven	vimus	vindis	venin
	imperfect	viña	viñas	viña	víñamus	viñis viñais	viñan
	preterite	viñi	viñestis	viñu	viñemus	viñestis	viñeran
	future	vendré	vendrás	vendrá	vendremus	vendreis	vendrán
	conditional	vindría	vindrías	vindría	vindríamus	vindríis	vindrían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veña	veñas	veña	veñamus	veñais	veñan
	imperfect (ra)	viñera	viñeras	viñera	viñéramus	viñeris viñerais	viñeran
	imperfect (si)	viñesi	viñesis	viñesi	viñésimus	viñesis	viñesin
imperative		—	ven	—	—	vindi	—

Conjugation of vil (Valverdeñu)

infinitive			vil
gerund			vindu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		vindu		vinda
		plural		vindus		vindas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veñu	ves	ven	vimus	vindis	venin
	imperfect	viña	viñas	viña	víñamus	viñais	viñan
	preterite	viñi	viñestis	viñu	viñimus	viñestis	viñeran
	future	vendré	vendrás	vendrá	vendremus	vendreis	vendrán
	conditional	vendría	vendrías	vendría	vendríamus	vendríais	vendrían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	veña	veñas	veña	veñamus	veñais	veñan
	imperfect (ra)	viñera	viñeras	viñera	viñéramus	viñerais	viñeran
	imperfect (si)	viñesi	viñesis	viñesi	viñésimus	viñesis	viñesin
imperative		—	ven	—	—	vindi	—

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Verb

vil

1. first/third-person singular present of vilja

French

Etymology

From Latin vīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Adjective

vil (feminine vile, masculine plural vils, feminine plural viles)

1. cheap, worthless
2. vile (morally low)
   • 1992, Amélie Nothomb, Hygiène de l’assassin [The Assassin’s Hygiene] (fiction):

     Cessez de blasphémer, vile créature ! Apprenez, ignorante, que saint Prétextat était archevêque de Rouen au VI^e siècle, et grand ami de Grégoire de Tours, qui était un homme très bien, dont vous n’avez naturellement jamais entendu parler.

     Stop blaspheming, you vile creature! You’d better learn, ignorant woman, that Saint Praetextatus was Archbishop of Rouen in the 6^th century, and a friend of Gregory of Tours, who was a very good man, which you, unsurprisingly, never heard of.

Further reading

• “vil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French ville.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Noun

vil

1. city
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[2]:

     Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou “sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”

     American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are having a meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to speak about "the worsening situation in Venezuela."

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) vi'l

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vil

1. cool

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɪl/
• Homophone: vill
• Rhymes: -ɪl

Verb

vil

1. present of ville

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋɪl/
• Homophone: vill

Verb

vil

1. present of vilja

Old French

Etymology

From Latin vilis.

Noun

vil m (oblique and nominative feminine singular vil or vile)

1. horrible; vile; awful
2. low; base

Derived terms

• vilment

Descendants

• → English: vile

Old Norse

Verb

vil

1. first-person singular present active indicative of vilja

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese vil, from Latin vīlis (“cheap; vile”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈviw/ [ˈviʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvil/ [ˈviɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvil/ [ˈviɫ]
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbil/ [ˈbiɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.li/

• Homophones: viu (Brazil), view (Brazil)
• Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw
• Hyphenation: vil

Adjective

vil m or f (plural vis)

1. mean; vile (morally low)

   Synonyms: abjeto, baixo, desprezível, indigno, maldoso, malvado, mau, sórdido

   Antonyms: bom, digno, nobre

2. cheap; worthless

   Synonyms: acessível, barato, reles

   Antonyms: caro, custoso

Derived terms

• vilmente

Further reading

• “vil”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French vil.

Adjective

vil m or n (feminine singular vilă, masculine plural vili, feminine and neuter plural vile)

1. cheap, worthless
2. vile

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	vil		vilă		vili	vile
	definite	vilul		vila		vilii	vilele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	vil		vile		vili	vile
	definite	vilului		vilei		vililor	vilelor

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vīlis (“cheap; vile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbil/ [ˈbil]
• Rhymes: -il
• Syllabification: vil

Adjective

vil m or f (masculine and feminine plural viles)

1. mean, despicable, vile

Derived terms

• el vil metal
• vilmente

 

Related terms

• villanía
• villano

 

Further reading

• “vil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Tzotzil

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vil/

Verb

vil

1. (intransitive) to fly

References

• Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.