Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/felu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Originally the neuter singular form of older *feluz (“many”), from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, derived from the root *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Latin plūs, Ancient Greek πολύς (polús).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸe.lu/

Pronoun

*felu

much, a lot
(+noun in genitive) a lot of

Derived terms

*felauz

Adverb

*felu

much, a lot
very

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *felu
- Old English: fela, feola — Mercian, fiolu, feolu, feolo, fala
  - Middle English: fele, fale, feel, fel, feole, vele, feala, fela, felæ, feola, veole (Early Middle English)
    - English: fele (obsolete, dialectal)
    - Middle Scots: fele (poetic)
- Old Frisian: felo, fele, fel
  - East Frisian:^[2]
    Wangerooge Frisian: fêl, feyhl
    Wursten Frisian: vlia
  - West Frisian: feal, fel
- Old Saxon: filu, filo
  - Middle Low German: vele, vil
    - Low German: veel, viel
- Old Dutch: filo
  - Middle Dutch: vele
    - Dutch: veel
- Old High German: filu, vilu, filo, fila, vili
  - Middle High German: vil, vile
    - Alemannic German: viel
      Swabian: viel
    - Bavarian: vui, vei, vii
      Cimbrian: vil, viil, biil (Sette Comuni)
      Viennese: vü
    - German: viel
    - Luxembourgish: vill
    - Yiddish: פֿיל (fil)
Old Norse: fjǫl-, fjǫlð (< ?)
- Icelandic: fjöl-
- Faroese: fjøl-
Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*felu- ~ *fulu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
^ Bremmer, Rolf (2005) “Old Frisian fule and felo "Much; Many": An Idiosyncracy in Germanic and Frisian Perspective”, in NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution, volumes 46-47, →DOI, pages 31–40.

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*felu- ~ *fulu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 136

[2] Bremmer, Rolf (2005) “Old Frisian fule and felo "Much; Many": An Idiosyncracy in Germanic and Frisian Perspective”, in NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution, volumes 46-47, →DOI, pages 31–40.

[1]

[2]