Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъpati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *supn-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *supn- +‎ *-ati, from *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Lithuanian sapnuoti (“to dream”), Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep”), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛafsaⁱti, “to sleep”), Latin sōpīre (“to fall asleep”), Proto-Germanic *swefaną (“to sleep”), Old English swefan (“to sleep”) (whence obsolete English asweve (“to put to sleep, to stupefy”)). Also cognate with Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish súan. See also Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ (“sleep, dream”).

Verb

*sъpati impf

1. to sleep

Conjugation

Conjugation of *sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (impf., intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sъpanьje	*sъpati	*sъpatъ	*sъpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*sъpavъ	*sъpę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sъpaxъ	*sъpa	*sъpa	*sъpľǫ	*sъpiši	*sъpitь
Dual	*sъpaxově	*sъpasta	*sъpaste	*sъpivě	*sъpita	*sъpite
Plural	*sъpaxomъ	*sъpaste	*sъpašę	*sъpimъ	*sъpite	*sъpętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sъpaaxъ	*sъpaaše	*sъpaaše	—	*sъpi	*sъpi
Dual	*sъpaaxově	*sъpaašeta	*sъpaašete	*sъpivě	*sъpita	—
Plural	*sъpaaxomъ	*sъpaašete	*sъpaaxǫ	*sъpimъ	*sъpite	—

Conjugation of *sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (impf., intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*sъpanьje	*sъpati	*sъpatъ	*sъpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*sъpavъ	*sъpę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sъpaxъ	*sъpa	*sъpa	*sъpľǫ	*sъpiši	*sъpitь
Dual	*sъpaxově	*sъpasta	*sъpaste	*sъpivě	*sъpita	*sъpite
Plural	*sъpaxomъ	*sъpaste	*sъpašę	*sъpimъ	*sъpite	*sъpętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*sъpaaxъ	*sъpaaše	*sъpaaše	—	*sъpi	*sъpi
Dual	*sъpaaxově	*sъpaašeta	*sъpaašete	*sъpivě	*sъpita	—
Plural	*sъpaaxomъ	*sъpaašete	*sъpaaxǫ	*sъpimъ	*sъpite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: съпати (sŭpati)
    • Belarusian: спаць (spacʹ)
    • Russian: спать (spatʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: спа́ти (spáty)
    • Ukrainian: спа́ти (spáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: съпати (sŭpati)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sŭpati)

  • Bulgarian: спя (spja)
  • Macedonian: спие (spie)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: спа̏ти

    Latin script: spȁti

  • Slovene: spáti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: spáti
    • Czech: spát
  • Old Polish: spać
    • Polish: spać
    • Silesian: spać
  • Slovak: spať
  • Polabian: såpăt, såpot
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: spac
    • Slovincian: spac
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: spaś
    • Upper Sorbian: spać

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “спать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 192
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “спать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress