Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kry

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krū́ˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s (“blood of a wound”). Cognate with Lithuanian kraũjas (“blood”), Old Prussian krawian (“blood”), Sanskrit क्रविस् (kravis, “raw meat”), Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas, “meat”), Latin cruor (“thickening, flowing blood from a wound”), Irish cró, Welsh crau (“blood”), Proto-Germanic *hrawaz (whence English raw, German roh, Old Norse hrár (“raw, uncooked”)).

Noun

*kry̑ f

1. blood

Declension

Declension of *kry̑ (hard v-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kry̑	*krъ̏vi	*krъ̏vi
genitive	*krъ̏ve	*krъvù	*krъ̀vъ
dative	*krъ̏vi	*krъvьmà, *krъvàma*	*krъ̏vьmъ, *krъ̏vamъ*
accusative	*krъ̏vь	*krъ̏vi	*krъ̏vi
instrumental	*krъvьjǫ́	*krъvьmà, *krъvàma*	*krъvьmì, *krъvamì*
locative	*krъ̏ve	*krъvù	*krъ̏vьxъ, *krъ̏vaxъ*
vocative	*kry̑	*krъ̏vi	*krъ̏vi

^* -ьmъ/etc. are the original consonant-stem endings, while -amъ/etc. are later Common Slavic endings formed by analogy with a-stems.

Derived terms

• *krъvavъ
• *krъvьnъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: крꙑ (kry)
    • Old Ruthenian: кровь (krovʹ)
      • Belarusian: кроў (kroŭ)
      • Ukrainian: кров (krov), крів (kriv) (dialectal)
    • Russian: кровь (krovʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: крꙑ (kry)

    Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⱏⰺ (kry)

  • Bulgarian: кръв (krǎv)
  • Macedonian: крв (krv)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кр̑в

    Latin script: kȓv

    • Slavomolisano: krv
  • Slovene: krȋ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: krev
    • Czech: krev
  • Polabian: kroj
  • Old Polish: krew, kry
    • Polish: krew
    • Silesian: krew
  • Old Slovak: krev, kriv, krou, krú, krv
    • Pannonian Rusyn: крев (krev)
    • Slovak: krv
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: krew
    • Slovincian: kry, krew
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kšej
    • Upper Sorbian: krej

Further reading

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кровь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “кровь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 444
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1989), “кроў”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 5 (ка́яць – ліпя́нка), Minsk: Navuka i technika
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кров”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 99
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кръв”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 33