Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žęti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gémtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gem-. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek γέντο (génto, “grasped”), Norwegian kumla (“to knead, squeeze”).

Verb

*žęti^[1]^[2]

to press, squeeze

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьmetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žętьje	*žęti	*žętъ	*žęlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žętъ	*žьmomъ
Active	*žьmъ	*žьmy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žęsъ	*žę	*žę	*žьmǫ	*žьmeši	*žьmetь
Dual	*žęsově	*žęsta	*žęste	*žьmevě	*žьmeta	*žьmete
Plural	*žęsomъ	*žęste	*žęsę	*žьmemъ	*žьmete	*žьmǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьměaxъ	*žьměaše	*žьměaše	—	*žьmi	*žьmi
Dual	*žьměaxově	*žьměašeta	*žьměašete	*žьměvě	*žьměta	—
Plural	*žьměaxomъ	*žьměašete	*žьměaxǫ	*žьměmъ	*žьměte	—

Descendants

Church Slavonic: жѧти (žęti) (Serbian)

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жаць (žacʹ)
- Russian: жать (žatʹ)
- Ukrainian: жа́ти (žáty)
South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: жумя́ (žumjá)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)
  Cyrillic script: же̏ти
  
  Latin script: žȅti
- Slovene: žẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (rare)
  - ⇒ Slovene: ožẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žieti
  - Czech: žmout
  - ⇒ Czech: ždímat
- Polish: żąć (obsolete)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žimać
  - Lower Sorbian: žimaś

Etymology 2

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gínˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰén-ye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”). No exact cognates in Baltic, but related to Lithuanian genė́ti (“to prune, hem”), Latvian dzenêt (“to prune, hem”).

Verb

*žę̀ti^[3]^[4]

to reap, mow

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьňetь (?, -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žętьje	*žęti	*žętъ	*žęlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žętъ	*žьňemъ
Active	*žьnъ	*žьňę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žęsъ	*žę	*žę	*žьňǫ	*žьňeši	*žьňetь
Dual	*žęsově	*žęsta	*žęste	*žьňevě	*žьňeta	*žьňete
Plural	*žęsomъ	*žęste	*žęsę	*žьňemъ	*žьňete	*žьňǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьněaxъ	*žьněaše	*žьněaše	—	*žьňi	*žьňi
Dual	*žьněaxově	*žьněašeta	*žьněašete	*žьňivě	*žьňita	—
Plural	*žьněaxomъ	*žьněašete	*žьněaxǫ	*žьňimъ	*žьňite	—

Conjugation of *žęti, *žę, *žьnetь (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žętьje	*žęti	*žętъ	*žęlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žętъ	*žьnomъ
Active	*žьnъ	*žьny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žęsъ	*žę	*žę	*žьnǫ	*žьneši	*žьnetь
Dual	*žęsově	*žęsta	*žęste	*žьnevě	*žьneta	*žьnete
Plural	*žęsomъ	*žęste	*žęsę	*žьnemъ	*žьnete	*žьnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьněaxъ	*žьněaše	*žьněaše	—	*žьni	*žьni
Dual	*žьněaxově	*žьněašeta	*žьněašete	*žьněvě	*žьněta	—
Plural	*žьněaxomъ	*žьněašete	*žьněaxǫ	*žьněmъ	*žьněte	—

Derived terms

*žętva (“harvest”)
*žьnъ (“harvest”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жаць (žacʹ)
- Russian: жать (žatʹ)
- Ukrainian: жа́ти (žáty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: жѧти (žęti)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: жъ́на (žǎ́na)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: же̏ти
  
  Latin script: žȅti
- Slovene: žẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žieti
  - Czech: žít, žnout
- Polish: żąć
- Slovak: žať
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žeć
  - Lower Sorbian: žeś

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žęti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘press, squeeze’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žęti: žьmǫ žьmetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b trykke (SA 203, 248, 251; PR 136)”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žę̀ti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘reap, mow’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žęti: žьn[j]ǫ žьn[j]etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b høste (SA 203, 212f., 248, 250; PR 136)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žęti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘press, squeeze’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “žęti: žьmǫ žьmetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b trykke (SA 203, 248, 251; PR 136)”

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žę̀ti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561: “v. (b) ‘reap, mow’”

[4] Olander, Thomas (2001) “žęti: žьn[j]ǫ žьn[j]etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b høste (SA 203, 212f., 248, 250; PR 136)”

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žęti

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

References