Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Deverbial noun of *vortiti (“to return”) +‎ *-ъ.

Noun

*vȏrtъ m

1. turn, revolution, cycle
2. rotational element

Declension

Declension of *vȏrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vȏrtъ	*vȏrta	*vȏrti
genitive	*vȏrta	*vortù	*võrtъ
dative	*vȏrtu	*vortomà	*vortòmъ
accusative	*vȏrtъ	*vȏrta	*vȏrty
instrumental	*vȏrtъmь, *vȏrtomь*	*vortomà	*vortý
locative	*vȏrtě	*vortù	*vortě̃xъ
vocative	*vorte	*vȏrta	*vȏrti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *kolovortъ (“rotor, wheel axis”)
• *krǫgovortъ (“cycle”)
• *obvortъ (“rotation”)

Related terms

• *vorto sg, *vorta pl (“gate”)
• *vьrtъ (“turn; garden”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: вратъ (vratŭ)
    • → Old East Slavic: вратъ (vratŭ, “rotor, wheel”)
  • Bulgarian: врат (vrat) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wrót

Etymology 2

Identical to Etymology 1 or derived from Proto-Slavic *vortъkъ (“turnable, rotational”) (whence Old Church Slavonic вратъкъ (vratŭkŭ)).

Noun

*vȏrtъ m

1. collar, neck

   Synonyms: *kъrkъ, *šija, *vyja

Declension

Declension of *vortъ (u-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vortъ	*vorty	*vortove
genitive	*vortu	*vortovu	*vortovъ
dative	*vortovi	*vortъma	*vortъmъ
accusative	*vortъ	*vorty	*vorty
instrumental	*vortъmь	*vortъma	*vortъmi
locative	*vortu	*vortovu	*vortъxъ
vocative	*vortu	*vorty	*vortove

Declension of *vortъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vortъ	*vorta	*vorti
genitive	*vorta	*vortu	*vortъ
dative	*vortu	*vortoma	*vortomъ
accusative	*vortъ	*vorta	*vorty
instrumental	*vortъmь, *vortomь*	*vortoma	*vorty
locative	*vortě	*vortu	*vortěxъ
vocative	*vorte	*vorta	*vorti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *kovortъ (“collar”)
• *šivovortъ (“neckless, collar”)
• *vortьnъ, *vortovъ (relational adjectives)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: воротъ (vorotŭ)
    • Russian: во́рот (vórot, “collar”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: врат (vrat)
  • Macedonian: врат (vrat)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic script: вра̑т

    Latin script: vrȃt

  • Slovene: vrȃt (tonal orthography)

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ворот”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “врат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 181