Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kūˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate with Sanskrit चोदति (códati, “to impel”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to shove”), English shoot, perhaps Albanian hedh (“to throw”). Per Derksen, the lengthened root vowel reflects Winter's law. Vasmer additionally includes Latvian kûdinât, kûdît (“to urge, to drive”), German hutzen (“to urge”), Sanskrit स्कुन्दते (skúndate, “to hurry”).

Verb

*kỳdati impf (perfective *kydnǫti)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to throw, to fling

Inflection

Conjugation of *kydati, *kyda, *kydajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kydanьje	*kydati	*kydatъ	*kydalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kydanъ	*kydajemъ
Active	*kydavъ	*kydaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kydaxъ	*kyda	*kyda	*kydajǫ	*kydaješi	*kydajetь
Dual	*kydaxově	*kydasta	*kydaste	*kydajevě	*kydajeta	*kydajete
Plural	*kydaxomъ	*kydaste	*kydašę	*kydajemъ	*kydajete	*kydajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kydaaxъ	*kydaaše	*kydaaše	—	*kydaji	*kydaji
Dual	*kydaaxově	*kydaašeta	*kydaašete	*kydajivě	*kydajita	—
Plural	*kydaaxomъ	*kydaašete	*kydaaxǫ	*kydajimъ	*kydajite	—

Related terms

*kydnǫti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кꙑдати (kydati), кидати (kidati)
  - Belarusian: кі́даць (kídacʹ)
  - Russian: кида́ть (kidátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: ки́дати (kýdaty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: искꙑдати (iskydati)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ки́дам (kídam) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ки̏дати
  
  Latin script: kȉdati
- Slovene: kídati (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: kydat
- Old Polish: kidać
  - Polish: kidać (dialectal)
- Slovak: kydať
- Slovincian: kjidac
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: kidać
  - Lower Sorbian: kidaś
- Silesian:
  - Silesian: kidać

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 264: “v. ‘throw, fling’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kydati: kydajǫ kydajetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (PR 133; MP 22)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kídati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ky̋dati”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 264: “v. ‘throw, fling’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “kydati: kydajǫ kydajetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a kaste (PR 133; MP 22)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “kídati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ky̋dati”

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