Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)kewd-^[1]^[2]

to advance, push
to drive, propel

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewd- (12 c, 0 e)

*(s)kéwd-e-ti ~ *(s)kéwd-o-nti (thematic root present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáwdati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáwdati
    - Sanskrit: चोदति (codati) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Albanian:^[2]
  - Proto-Albanian: *skeuda^[3]
    - Albanian: hedh (“to throw”)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *skeutaną (“to shoot”) (disputed^[4]) (see there for further descendants)
*(s)kud-tó-s (“propelled”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čutˢtás
  - Proto-Iranian: *custáh
    - Persian: چست (čost, “quick, active”)
*(s)kud-eh₂-yé-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūˀdā́ˀtei
  - Latvian: kûdît, kûdinât (“to drive, to urge”) (possibly)
  - Lithuanian: skiautė, skutai
  - Proto-Slavic: *kydati impf, *kydnǫti pf (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *huttōną (“to run”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Scythian: *Skuδa (“shooter”)^[5]
- → Ancient Greek: Σκύθης (Skúthēs, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Persian: 𐎿𐎣 (s-k, “Scythia”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)
- → Akkadian: 𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 (Iškuzaya, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. (s)keud-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 955
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)keu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-144
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skeutan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka‎^[2], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN>

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. (s)keud-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 955

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)keu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560

[3] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-144

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skeutan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445

[5] Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka‎^[2], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN>

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]