Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to advance, propel”), and compared with Albanian hedh (“to throw”). However, Kroonen prefers to take the word as a back-formation from the iterative verb *skuttōną (“to shoot”) (whence Old Norse skotra (“to shove, push”), Icelandic skota (“idem”)), which he derives from a Proto-Indo-European *sket- (“to drive forward”), and connects with Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, hop”), Latin scatō (“to gush forth, swarm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskeu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skeutaną

1. to shoot (especially of an arrow), dash

Inflection

Conjugation of *skeutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skeutō	*skeutaų	—	*skeutai	?
2nd singular	*skiutizi	*skeutaiz	*skeut	*skeutazai	*skeutaizau
3rd singular	*skiutidi	*skeutai	*skeutadau	*skeutadai	*skeutaidau
1st dual	*skeutōz	*skeutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skeutadiz	*skeutaidiz	*skeutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skeutamaz	*skeutaim	—	*skeutandai	*skeutaindau
2nd plural	*skiutid	*skeutaid	*skiutid	*skeutandai	*skeutaindau
3rd plural	*skeutandi	*skeutain	*skeutandau	*skeutandai	*skeutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skaut	*skutį̄
2nd singular	*skaust	*skutīz
3rd singular	*skaut	*skutī
1st dual	*skutū	*skutīw
2nd dual	*skutudiz	*skutīdiz
1st plural	*skutum	*skutīm
2nd plural	*skutud	*skutīd
3rd plural	*skutun	*skutīn
	present	past
participles	*skeutandz	*skutanaz

Derived terms

• *skautaz
• *skeutaz
• *skutiz

Related terms

• *skuttōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skeutan
  • Old English: sċēotan
    • Middle English: shoten, shuten, sheten
      • English: shoot, skeet
      • Scots: schute, schuit, schote, schoot, schete
      • Yola: zhoult
  • Old Frisian: skiata
    • West Frisian: sjitte
  • Old Saxon: skiotan
    • Middle Low German: scheten
      • Low German: scheten
  • Old Dutch: skietan
    • Middle Dutch: schieten
      • Dutch: schieten
        • Afrikaans: skiet
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: skiti
        • Jersey Dutch: sxjite
        • Negerhollands: skud, skit, skiet
        • → Indonesian: sekip
        • → Papiamentu: skit
      • Limburgish: sjete
  • Old High German: skioȥan, scioȥan, skioȥȥan, scioȥȥan — early
    • Middle High German: schieȥen
      • Alemannic German: schieße
      • Bavarian: schiaßn
      • Central Franconian: schieße, scheeße (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian)
      • German: schießen
      • Hunsrik: schiese
      • Luxembourgish: schéissen
      • Vilamovian: śisa
      • Yiddish: שיסן (shisn)
• Old Norse: skjóta
  • Icelandic: skjóta
  • Faroese: skjóta
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skjota, skyta
  • Jamtish: skjǿte
  • Elfdalian: stjuota
  • Old Swedish: skiūta
    • Swedish: skjuta
  • Old Danish: skiūtæ
    • Danish: skyde
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: skyte
    • Scanian: skjúda, skúda
  • Old Gutnish: skiauta
    • Gutnish: skjaute, skiauta
• Crimean Gothic: schieten