Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás, from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós, from *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to crush, to disperse”), possibly an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch, to mow”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, minute”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáwdas (“swell of the sea”) and akin to Lithuanian skùsti (“to shave”), Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō, “to shave”), Latin saucius (“hurt, wounded”), Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣurá, “razor”).
Adjective
[edit]- thin, weak, feeble (of creature)
- (among some descendants) grave, severe (of condition, state)
- (figurative) evil, wicked
Declension
[edit]Indefinite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xudъ | *xuda | *xudo |
| genitive | *xuda | *xudy | *xuda |
| dative | *xudu | *xudě | *xudu |
| accusative | *xudъ | *xudǫ | *xudo |
| instrumental | *xudomь | *xudojǫ | *xudomь |
| locative | *xudě | *xudě | *xudě |
| vocative | *xude | *xudo | *xudo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| genitive | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| dative | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| accusative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| instrumental | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| locative | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| vocative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
| genitive | *xudъ | *xudъ | *xudъ |
| dative | *xudomъ | *xudamъ | *xudomъ |
| accusative | *xudy | *xudy | *xuda |
| instrumental | *xudy | *xudami | *xudy |
| locative | *xuděxъ | *xudaxъ | *xuděxъ |
| vocative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
Definite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| genitive | *xudajego | *xudyję̇ | *xudajego |
| dative | *xudujemu | *xuději | *xudujemu |
| accusative | *xudъjь | *xudǫjǫ | *xudoje |
| instrumental | *xudyjimь | *xudǫjǫ | *xudyjimь |
| locative | *xudějemь | *xuději | *xudějemь |
| vocative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| genitive | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| dative | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| accusative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| instrumental | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| locative | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| vocative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *xudiji | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
| genitive | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ |
| dative | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ |
| accusative | *xudyję̇ | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
| instrumental | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi |
| locative | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ |
| vocative | *xudiji | *xudyję̇ | *xudaja |
Derived terms
[edit]- *xuděti (essive)
- *xuditi (causative-iterative)
- *xudoba, *xudota, *xudostь (abstract nouns)
- *xudina (state noun)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xudъ xuda xudo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c dårlig, mager (SA 114; PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hȗd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xȗdъ ‛slab, slaboten, suh’”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
Further reading
[edit]- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xudъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “худо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “худий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 219
- Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “худой”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 503