Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *pixàti

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *piš-, *pīš-, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-, from *peys- (“to crush”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìsti (“to copulate”) (1sg. pisù). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to crush”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬙- (pišant-, “pushing”), Ancient Greek πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow grain, to crush in a mortar”), Latin pīnsō (“to crush”) (infinitive pīnsere), Icelandic fis (“chaff”), Middle High German vīsel (“mortar”).

Verb

*pьxàti

1. to push, to shove

Conjugation

Conjugation of *pьxati, *pьxa, *pьšetь (?, -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьxanьje	*pьxati	*pьxatъ	*pьxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pьxanъ	*pьxomъ
Active	*pьxavъ	*pьxy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьxaxъ	*pьxa	*pьxa	*pьxǫ	*pьšeši	*pьšetь
Dual	*pьxaxově	*pьxasta	*pьxaste	*pьševě	*pьšeta	*pьšete
Plural	*pьxaxomъ	*pьxaste	*pьxašę	*pьšemъ	*pьšete	*pьxǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьxaaxъ	*pьxaaše	*pьxaaše	—	*pьśi	*pьśi
Dual	*pьxaaxově	*pьxaašeta	*pьxaašete	*pьśěvě	*pьśěta	—
Plural	*pьxaaxomъ	*pьxaašete	*pьxaaxǫ	*pьśěmъ	*pьśěte	—

Conjugation of *pьxati, *pьxa, *pьxajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьxanьje	*pьxati	*pьxatъ	*pьxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pьxanъ	*pьxajemъ
Active	*pьxavъ	*pьxaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьxaxъ	*pьxa	*pьxa	*pьxajǫ	*pьxaješi	*pьxajetь
Dual	*pьxaxově	*pьxasta	*pьxaste	*pьxajevě	*pьxajeta	*pьxajete
Plural	*pьxaxomъ	*pьxaste	*pьxašę	*pьxajemъ	*pьxajete	*pьxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьxaaxъ	*pьxaaše	*pьxaaše	—	*pьxaji	*pьxaji
Dual	*pьxaaxově	*pьxaašeta	*pьxaašete	*pьxajivě	*pьxajita	—
Plural	*pьxaaxomъ	*pьxaašete	*pьxaaxǫ	*pьxajimъ	*pьxajite	—

Related terms

• *pě̃stъ m (“pestle”)
• *pьšenò n (“millet”)

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пьхати (pĭxati), пихати (pixati)
    • Belarusian: пхаць (pxacʹ), піха́ць (pixácʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: пха́ти (pxáty)
    • Russian: пиха́ть (pixátʹ), пхать (pxatʹ) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: пха́ти (pxáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: пьхати (pĭxati)
  • Bulgarian: пъ́хам (pǎ́ham)
  • Macedonian: пика (pika)
  • Slovene: pəháti, pháti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: píchati
    • Czech: píchat, pchát (dialectal)
  • Kashubian: pchac
  • Polish: pchać
  • Slovak: pchať, pichať

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “пиха́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 36
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пиха́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “піха́ць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “пха́ти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 646
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пъхам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 123