pinso

See also: piņšõ

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish pienso (“feed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpin.su]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpin.so]

Noun

pinso m (plural pinsos)

1. feed (food given to (especially herbivorous) animals)
   • 2008, Miquel Pujol i Palol, Les plantes cultivades. 1. Cereals, →ISBN, page 20:

     Actualment, el gra de cereals destinat a l’alimentació animal, els pinsos, representa un 33% de la producció total arreu del món i és més del 40% en els països de la Unió Europea.

     Currently, cereal grain set aside for the feeding of animals, feed, represents 33% of the total global production, and it is more than 40% in the countries of the European Union.

Further reading

• “pinso” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pinso”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “pinso” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pinso” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *pinsō, from Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to crush”).

Cognate includes Ancient Greek πτισάνη (ptisánē, “barley”), πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow, peel”); Proto-Slavic *pьšenìca (“wheat”); Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to grind”). Compare pīla, pīlum.

Alternative forms

• pindō (Late Latin, glosses)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpin.soː/, [ˈpĩːs̠oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpin.so/, [ˈpinso]

Verb

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsere, perfect active pīnsuī or pīnsī, supine pīnsum or pīnsitum or pī̆stum); third conjugation

1. to beat, pound
   • AD 4th C., Diomedes Grammaticus (author), Heinrich Keil (editor), Artis Grammaticae Liber I (1857), page 373:

     Sed apud veterēs reperīmus etiam n litterā additā pīnsō, quod est tundō, ut Ennius decimō Annālium pīnsunt terram genibus.

     But in the older authors we also find pīnsō with an added n, which is 'to beat', like Ennius in the tenth book of the Annals: they pound the dirt with their knees.

2. to lash, scourge
   • c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 2.3.80:

     ea molet, coquet, cōnficiet pēnsum, pīnsētur flagrō

     She will grind, cook, spin wool, she'll be lashed by a whip […]

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pīnsō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pīnsō	pīnsis	pīnsit	pīnsimus	pīnsitis	pīnsunt
	imperfect	pīnsēbam	pīnsēbās	pīnsēbat	pīnsēbāmus	pīnsēbātis	pīnsēbant
	future	pīnsam	pīnsēs	pīnset	pīnsēmus	pīnsētis	pīnsent
	perfect	pīnsuī, pīnsī	pīnsuistī, pīnsistī	pīnsuit, pīnsit	pīnsuimus, pīnsimus	pīnsuistis, pīnsistis	pīnsuērunt, pīnsuēre, pīnsērunt, pīnsēre
	pluperfect	pīnsueram, pīnseram	pīnsuerās, pīnserās	pīnsuerat, pīnserat	pīnsuerāmus, pīnserāmus	pīnsuerātis, pīnserātis	pīnsuerant, pīnserant
	future perfect	pīnsuerō, pīnserō	pīnsueris, pīnseris	pīnsuerit, pīnserit	pīnsuerimus, pīnserimus	pīnsueritis, pīnseritis	pīnsuerint, pīnserint
passive	present	pīnsor	pīnseris, pīnsere	pīnsitur	pīnsimur	pīnsiminī	pīnsuntur
	imperfect	pīnsēbar	pīnsēbāris, pīnsēbāre	pīnsēbātur	pīnsēbāmur	pīnsēbāminī	pīnsēbantur
	future	pīnsar	pīnsēris, pīnsēre	pīnsētur	pīnsēmur	pīnsēminī	pīnsentur
	perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pīnsam	pīnsās	pīnsat	pīnsāmus	pīnsātis	pīnsant
imperfect	pīnserem	pīnserēs	pīnseret	pīnserēmus	pīnserētis	pīnserent
perfect	pīnsuerim, pīnserim	pīnsuerīs, pīnserīs	pīnsuerit, pīnserit	pīnsuerīmus, pīnserīmus	pīnsuerītis, pīnserītis	pīnsuerint, pīnserint
pluperfect	pīnsuissem, pīnsissem	pīnsuissēs, pīnsissēs	pīnsuisset, pīnsisset	pīnsuissēmus, pīnsissēmus	pīnsuissētis, pīnsissētis	pīnsuissent, pīnsissent
passive	present	pīnsar	pīnsāris, pīnsāre	pīnsātur	pīnsāmur	pīnsāminī	pīnsantur
imperfect	pīnserer	pīnserēris, pīnserēre	pīnserētur	pīnserēmur	pīnserēminī	pīnserentur
perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pīnse	—	—	pīnsite	—
	future	—	pīnsitō	pīnsitō	—	pīnsitōte	pīnsuntō
passive	present	—	pīnsere	—	—	pīnsiminī	—
	future	—	pīnsitor	pīnsitor	—	—	pīnsuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pīnsere	pīnsuisse, pīnsisse	pīnsūrum esse, pīnsitūrum esse, pī̆stūrum esse	pīnsī	pīnsum esse, pīnsitum esse, pī̆stum esse	pīnsum īrī, pīnsitum īrī, pī̆stum īrī
participles		pīnsēns	—	pīnsūrus, pīnsitūrus, pī̆stūrus	—	pīnsus, pīnsitus, pī̆stus	pīnsendus, pīnsundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pīnsendī	pīnsendō	pīnsendum	pīnsendō	pīnsum, pīnsitum, pī̆stum	pīnsū, pīnsitū, pī̆stū

Derived terms

• pī̆stor
• pī̆stō

Related terms

• pīla
• pīlum
• pīsō

Etymology 2

Post-classical conjugation transfer of Etymology 1.

Verb

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsāre, perfect active pīnsāvī, supine pīnsātum); first conjugation

1. (post-classical) Alternative form of pīnsō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pīnsō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pīnsō	pīnsās	pīnsat	pīnsāmus	pīnsātis	pīnsant
	imperfect	pīnsābam	pīnsābās	pīnsābat	pīnsābāmus	pīnsābātis	pīnsābant
	future	pīnsābō	pīnsābis	pīnsābit	pīnsābimus	pīnsābitis	pīnsābunt
	perfect	pīnsāvī	pīnsāvistī	pīnsāvit	pīnsāvimus	pīnsāvistis	pīnsāvērunt, pīnsāvēre
	pluperfect	pīnsāveram	pīnsāverās	pīnsāverat	pīnsāverāmus	pīnsāverātis	pīnsāverant
	future perfect	pīnsāverō	pīnsāveris	pīnsāverit	pīnsāverimus	pīnsāveritis	pīnsāverint
passive	present	pīnsor	pīnsāris, pīnsāre	pīnsātur	pīnsāmur	pīnsāminī	pīnsantur
	imperfect	pīnsābar	pīnsābāris, pīnsābāre	pīnsābātur	pīnsābāmur	pīnsābāminī	pīnsābantur
	future	pīnsābor	pīnsāberis, pīnsābere	pīnsābitur	pīnsābimur	pīnsābiminī	pīnsābuntur
	perfect	pīnsātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pīnsātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pīnsem	pīnsēs	pīnset	pīnsēmus	pīnsētis	pīnsent
imperfect	pīnsārem	pīnsārēs	pīnsāret	pīnsārēmus	pīnsārētis	pīnsārent
perfect	pīnsāverim	pīnsāverīs	pīnsāverit	pīnsāverīmus	pīnsāverītis	pīnsāverint
pluperfect	pīnsāvissem	pīnsāvissēs	pīnsāvisset	pīnsāvissēmus	pīnsāvissētis	pīnsāvissent
passive	present	pīnser	pīnsēris, pīnsēre	pīnsētur	pīnsēmur	pīnsēminī	pīnsentur
imperfect	pīnsārer	pīnsārēris, pīnsārēre	pīnsārētur	pīnsārēmur	pīnsārēminī	pīnsārentur
perfect	pīnsātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	pīnsātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pīnsā	—	—	pīnsāte	—
	future	—	pīnsātō	pīnsātō	—	pīnsātōte	pīnsantō
passive	present	—	pīnsāre	—	—	pīnsāminī	—
	future	—	pīnsātor	pīnsātor	—	—	pīnsantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pīnsāre	pīnsāvisse	pīnsātūrum esse	pīnsārī	pīnsātum esse	pīnsātum īrī
participles		pīnsāns	—	pīnsātūrus	—	pīnsātus	pīnsandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pīnsandī	pīnsandō	pīnsandum	pīnsandō	pīnsātum	pīnsātū

Descendants

• Aromanian: chisedz, chisari
• Galician: pisar
• Italian: pestare
• Portuguese: pisar
• Romanian: pisa, pisare, păsat
• Spanish: pisar
• English: pestle

Further reading

• “pinso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pinso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.