Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peys-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peys-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to grind, to crush

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peys- (11 c, 0 e)

*pi-né-s-ti ~ *pi-n-s-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinášti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *pinsō
  - Latin: pinsō
*pis-é-ti (zero-grade present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pištei
  - Latgalian: pist
  - Latvian: pist
  - Lithuanian: pìsti
  - Proto-Slavic: *pьxati^[4]^[5] (see there for further descendants)
*peys-Hō ~ *pis-Hne-s
- Proto-Italic: *peisō
  - Latin: pīsō
*pis-e-no-m
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pišena
  - Proto-Slavic: *pьšenò^[6] (see there for further descendants)
*pis-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: पिष्ट (piṣṭá, “crushed, ground”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *pištás
    - Middle Persian: pst' (“brown flour”) (possibly)
- Proto-Italic: *pistos
  - Latin: pistus
*pis-tlo-m^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pištram
  - Proto-Iranian: *pištram
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 n (pištra, “bruise, injury”)
- Proto-Italic: *pistlom, *pistlā
  - Latin: pīlum, pīla, Pīlumnus, pistillum
*póys-o-m^[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paiša
  - Lithuanian: paišaĩ, paĩšos, piẽšos, puišaĩ, puĩšos, pišai; (perhaps) piešà; (perhaps) piẽšas, píešas
*poys-to-m^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *páista
  - Latvian: pìesta, piests
  - Lithuanian: piestà, piẽstas
  - Proto-Slavic: *pěstъ (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Hellenic:^[3]
  - Ancient Greek: πτίσσω (ptíssō) (the appearance of πτ- is unexplained)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: पिष् (piṣ)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “pei̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 466-467
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinsō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 466-467
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτίσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1249-1250
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьšenò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “pei̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 466-467

[DV_pinso-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinsō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 466-467

[Beekes-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτίσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1249-1250

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьšenò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 431

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354

[9] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397

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