Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rězati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₁ǵyeti, from *wreh₁ǵ-. Akin to Lithuanian rė́žti (“to cut”), Latvian riezt (“to sprout”) and further to Ancient Greek ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi).

Verb

*rě̋zati impf (perfective *rěznǫti)

1. to cut, to slice

   Synonym: *tęti

2. to crop, to shear

   Synonyms: *striťi, *briti

3. to trim

   Synonym: *krojiti

4. (by extension) to carve, to engrave

Conjugation

Conjugation of *rězati, *rěza, *rěžetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*rězanьje	*rězati	*rězatъ	*rězalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*rězanъ	*rěžemъ
Active	*rězavъ	*rěžę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rězaxъ	*rěza	*rěza	*rěžǫ	*rěžeši	*rěžetь
Dual	*rězaxově	*rězasta	*rězaste	*rěževě	*rěžeta	*rěžete
Plural	*rězaxomъ	*rězaste	*rězašę	*rěžemъ	*rěžete	*rěžǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rězaaxъ	*rězaaše	*rězaaše	—	*rěži	*rěži
Dual	*rězaaxově	*rězaašeta	*rězaašete	*rěživě	*rěžita	—
Plural	*rězaaxomъ	*rězaašete	*rězaaxǫ	*rěžimъ	*rěžite	—

Related terms

• *rězъ (“cut, edge”)
  • *rězъka (diminutive)
• *zaraza (“infectious disease”)
• *raziti (“to pound, to astound”)
  • *poraženьje (“defeat”)
  • *sъraženьje (“combat”)

Derived terms

• *rězenъ, *rězenь (“slice”)
• *rězьnъ (“cut, carved”)
  • *rězьňà (“slaughter, slaughterhouse”)
• *rězь (“carving, acute pain”)
• *rězьba (“carving”)
• *rězьcь (“incisor”)
• *rьznǫti
• *narězati
• *režuxa

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: рѣзати (rězati)
    • Old Belarusian: рѣзати (rězati)
      • Belarusian: рэ́заць (rézacʹ)
    • Russian: ре́зать (rézatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: рі́зати (rízaty)
      • → Polish: rezać
    • Carpathian Rusyn: різáти (rizáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: рѣзати (rězati)
  • Bulgarian: режа (reža)
  • Macedonian: реже (reže)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ре̏зати

    Latin script: rȅzati, rijezat (Kajkavian)

  • Slovene: rẹ́zati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: řězati
    • Czech: řezat
  • Polabian: rezą (1sg), rezĕ (3sg)
  • Old Polish: rzezać, rzazać
    • Polish: rzezać
  • Slovak: rezať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: rězać
    • Lower Sorbian: rězaś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “резать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “режа¹, ряжа, рязвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 206