Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zaraza

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *za- +‎ *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) + *-a.

Noun

*zaraza f

thrust
→ (by extension) obstacle, hindrance
(by abstraction) infection, contagion
Synonym: *kuga

Declension

Declension of *zaraza (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zaraza	*zarazě	*zarazy
genitive	*zarazy	*zarazu	*zarazъ
dative	*zarazě	*zarazama	*zarazamъ
accusative	*zarazǫ	*zarazě	*zarazy
instrumental	zarazojǫ, zarazǫ^**	*zarazama	*zarazami
locative	*zarazě	*zarazu	zarazasъ, zarazaxъ^*
vocative	*zarazo	*zarazě	*zarazy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*rězъ (“cut”)
*rězati (“to cut”)
*razъ (“tact, dash”)
*porazina (“contagion”) (regional)

Derived terms

*zaraziti (“to infect”)
*zarazenъ (“infected”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: зара́за (zaráza)
  - Belarusian: зара́за (zaráza)
  - ⇒ Ukrainian: зараження (zaražennja)
- Russian: зара́за (zaráza)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: зараза (zaraza, “hindrance”)
- Bulgarian: зара́за (zaráza)
- Macedonian: зараза (zaraza)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: за̑раза
  
  Latin script: zȃraza
West Slavic:
- Polish: zaraza

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зараза”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зараза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 607