Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/razъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rōźas, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Morphologically from *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) +‎ *-ъ. Cognate with Lithuanian rúоžаs (“dash”), Latvian rоzа (“hill”) and akin to Ancient Greek ῥώξ (rhṓx, “crack”). In many daughter languages, the lemma became fossilized into an adverb with a sense similar to English once.

Noun

*rȃzъ m^[1]

tact, dash, stroke
→ (by extension) unit for measuring time
mark
case

Inflection

Declension of *rȃzъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rȃzъ	*rȃza	*rȃzi
genitive	*rȃza	*razù	*rãzъ
dative	*rȃzu	*razomà	*razòmъ
accusative	*rȃzъ	*rȃza	*rȃzy
instrumental	rȃzъmь, rȃzomь^*	*razomà	*razý
locative	*rȃzě	*razù	*razě̃xъ
vocative	*raze	*rȃza	*rȃzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*rězъ (“cut”)
*rězъkъ (“sudden, abrupt”)
*rězati (“to cut”)

Derived terms

*obrazъ (“figure, form, image”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: раз (raz)
- Russian: раз (raz)
- Ukrainian: раз (raz)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: разъ (razŭ, “case”)
- Bulgarian: раз (raz)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ра̄з
  
  Latin script: rāz
- Slovene: rȃz
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ráz
  - Czech: ráz
- Old Polish: raz, raza
  - Polish: raz, raza (Middle Polish)
  - Silesian: rŏz
- Slovak: raz
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: rôz
  - Slovincian: roz
- Sorbian:
  Upper Sorbian: raz
  
  Lower Sorbian: raz

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “razъ raza”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 41; RPT 99, 102)”

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001) “razъ raza”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 41; RPT 99, 102)”

[1]