Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrznǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, from *mьrzě̀ti (“to freeze? to be repulsive? to irritate?”) +‎ *-nǫti. Cognate with Albanian mardhem (“to tremble with cold”), mardhë (“frost”), which Derksen tentatively reconstructs as coming from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ-. Chernykh adds Middle High German murc (“rotten, flabby”), Old Norse morkinn (“rotten”), Old Irish meirc (“rusty”).

Verb

*mьrznǫti impf

1. to freeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *mьrznǫti, *mьrze, *mьrznetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*mьrzenьje	*mьrznǫti	*mьrznǫtъ	*mьrzlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*mьrzъ	*mьrzny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mьrz(ox)ъ	*mьrze	*mьrze	*mьrznǫ	*mьrzneši	*mьrznetь
Dual	*mьrz(ox)ově	*mьrz(e/os)ta	*mьrz(e/os)te	*mьrznevě	*mьrzneta	*mьrznete
Plural	*mьrz(ox)omъ	*mьrz(e/os)te	*mьrzǫ, *mьrzošę	*mьrznemъ	*mьrznete	*mьrznǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*mьrzněaxъ	*mьrzněaše	*mьrzněaše	—	*mьrzni	*mьrzni
Dual	*mьrzněaxově	*mьrzněašeta	*mьrzněašete	*mьrzněvě	*mьrzněta	—
Plural	*mьrzněaxomъ	*mьrzněašete	*mьrzněaxǫ	*mьrzněmъ	*mьrzněte	—

Related terms

• *mьrzě̀ti (“to freeze? to be repulsive? to irritate?”)
• *mьrziti (“to disgust? to detest?”)
• *mòrzъ (“frost”)
• *mьrzati
• *mьrzlъ, *mьrzъ, *mьrzъkъ, *mьrzьnъ, *mьrzenъ

Derived terms

• *zamьrznǫti

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: мръзнѫти (mrŭznǫti)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мьрзнꙋти (mĭrznuti)
    • Belarusian: ме́рзнуць (mjérznucʹ)
    • Russian: мёрзнуть (mjórznutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ме́рзнути (mérznuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: помръзнѫти (pomrŭznǫti)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⱁⰿⱃⱏⰸⱀⱘⱅⰻ (pomrŭznǫti)

  • Bulgarian: мръ́зна (mrǎ́zna)
  • Macedonian: мрзне (mrzne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мр̏знути

    Latin script: mȑznuti

  • Slovene: mŕzniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: mrznúti
    • Czech: mrznout
  • Kashubian: miarznąc
  • Polabian: marznĕ
  • Polish: marznąć, mierznąć (archaic)
  • Slovak: mrznúť
  • Slovincian: mjêrznõc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: mjerznyć
    • Lower Sorbian: marznuś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “мёрзнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 524
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мерзнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьrznǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 21 (*mъrskovatъjь – *nadějьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 163