Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫže

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *ǫzъ (“bond, junction”) +‎ *-je. In several daughter languages, the descendants demonstrate prosthetic *v- or *j-.

Modern South Slavic descendants descendants decline as *-ę, but this is likely due to later reanalysis (compare the South Slavic descendants of Proto-Slavic *moře).

Noun

*ǫ̀že n

1. rope

Declension

Declension of *ǫže (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǫže	*ǫži	*ǫža
genitive	*ǫža	*ǫžu	*ǫžь
dative	*ǫžu	*ǫžema	*ǫžemъ
accusative	*ǫže	*ǫži	*ǫža
instrumental	*ǫžьmь, *ǫžemь*	*ǫžema	*ǫži
locative	*ǫži	*ǫžu	*ǫžixъ
vocative	*ǫže	*ǫži	*ǫža

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *ǫženъ (“made of rope”)
• *ǫžьnikъ (“captive”)
• *sǫžьňь (“slave”)

Related terms

• *vęzati (“to knit, to bind”)
• *ǫziti (“to constrain”)
• *ǫzъkъ (“narrow, tight”)
• *ǫzьnъ (“bonded”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: ўжо (ŭžo)
    • Russian: у́же (úže)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: у́же (úže)
    • Ukrainian: у́же (úže)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: ѫже (ǫže)

    Glagolitic script: ⰨⰆⰅ (ǪŽE)

  • Bulgarian: въже (vǎže), dial. юже (juže), въ́нджи (vǎ́ndži) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: јаже (jaže)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: у̏же

    Latin script: ȕže

  • Slovene: vо̣̑žе (archaic)
    • ⇒ Slovene: súženj (“slave”)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech:
  • Polabian: vǫzе
  • Slovak:

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “у́же”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “въже”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 202