Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ogňь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *úngnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Lithuanian ugnis, Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Latin ignis.

According to Kortlandt *ogňь reflects a Balto-Slavic noun *ungnis in which the *-ngn- cluster blocked the operation of Winter's law. The sequence *un was lowered to *on before a tautosyllabic stop, with subsequent loss of the nasal as a result of dissimilation (as in *voda (“water”)). The expected reflex of Winter's law with a long vowel (Balto-Slavic */ū/ > Proto-Slavic */y/) is found in *vygъňь, *vygъňa (“forge”).

Noun

*ògňь m

1. fire

Declension

Declension of *ògňь (i-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ògňь	*ogňì	*ògňьjē, *ògňē*
genitive	*ògňi	*ògňьju, *ogňu*	*ogňь̀jь, *ògňi*
dative	*ogňì	*ògňьma	*ogňь̀mъ
accusative	*ògňь	*ogňì	*ogňì
instrumental	*ogňь̀mь	*ògňьma	*ògňьmī
locative	*ògňi	*ògňьju, *ogňu*	*ogňь̀xъ
vocative	*ogňi	*ogňì	*ògňьjē, *ògňē*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Declension of *ògňь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ògňь	*ogňà	*ogňì
genitive	*ogňà	*ogňù	*ògňь
dative	*ogňù	*ogňèma	*ògňemъ
accusative	*ògňь	*ogňà	*ogňę̇̀
instrumental	*ogňь̀mь, *ogňèmь*	*ogňèma	*ògňi
locative	*ogňì	*ogňù	*ògňixъ
vocative	*ogňu	*ogňà	*ogňì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *ogňišče

Related terms

• *vygъňь, *vygъňa (“forge”)
• *ǫglь (“coal”)

See also

• *pyrь
• *atra

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: огнь (ognĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: о́гнь (óhnʹ), ого́нь (ohónʹ), оге́нь (ohénʹ)
      • Belarusian: аго́нь (ahónʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: оге́нь (ohénʹ)
      • Ukrainian: вого́нь (vohónʹ); ого́нь (ohónʹ) (dialectal)
    • Russian: ого́нь (ogónʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: огн҄ь (ognʹĭ) (jo-stem), огнь (ognĭ) (i-stem)

    • Bulgarian: о́гън (ógǎn)
    • Macedonian: оган (ogan)
    • → Middle Russian: огнь (ognʹ)
      • Russian: огнь (ognʹ)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̀гањ

    Latin script: òganj

  • Slovene: ógənj (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: oheň
    • Czech: oheň
  • Polabian: viďėn
  • Old Polish: ogień
    • Polish: ogień
    • Silesian: ôgyń
  • Old Slovak: oheň
    • Pannonian Rusyn: огень (ohenʹ)
    • Slovak: oheň
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: òdżin
    • Slovincian: wôgjeń
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: woheń
    • Lower Sorbian: wogeń

Further reading

• Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*ognь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 30
• Kortlandt Frederik (1979), Three problems of Balto-Slavic phonology. Zbornik za filologiju i lingvistiku 22/2, 57-63. p. 60f
• В. В. Мартынов (1981) “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян: ognь – (v)atra 'огонь'.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 24