Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kolh₂-, from the root *kelh₂-.

Cognate with Lithuanian kálti (“to strike (with a hammer or axe), to forge”) (1sg. kalù), Latvian kal̃t (“to beat, to forge”) (1sg. kaļu), Lithuanian kùlti (“to hit”), Latvian kul̂t (“to hit”), Old Prussian preicalis (“anvil”), kalopeilis (“hoe”), Latin percellō (“to overturn, to strike”) (infinitive percellere, perfect perculī), Old Irish cellach (“war”), Ancient Greek κελεΐς (keleḯs, “axe”) (Hesychius), per Vasmer probably also Lithuanian skélti (“to split”).

Verb

*kòlti

1. to stab, to sting

Inflection

Conjugation of *kolti, *kol, *koľetь (?, -C/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*koltьje	*kolti	*koltъ	*kollъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*koltъ	*koľemъ
Active	*kolvъ	*koľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kolsъ	*kol	*kol	*koľǫ	*koľeši	*koľetь
Dual	*kolsově	*kolsta	*kolste	*koľevě	*koľeta	*koľete
Plural	*kolsomъ	*kolste	*kolsę	*koľemъ	*koľete	*koľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koľaaxъ	*koľaaše	*koľaaše	—	*koľi	*koľi
Dual	*koľaaxově	*koľaašeta	*koľaašete	*koľivě	*koľita	—
Plural	*koľaaxomъ	*koľaašete	*koľaaxǫ	*koľimъ	*koľite	—

Notes:
• (*)*koljenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Related terms

• *kõltъ, *kolta, *koltò (“club? log? sledgehammer?”)
• *kȏlsъ (“ear, spike”)
• *kōltìti (“to shake, to strike”)
• *kolnь (“slaughter”)
• *kòlъ (“stake”)
• *kъlъ (“fang, tusk”)
• *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)
• *kъlykъ (“fang, tusk”)
• *kluti (“to peck”)
• *koldenьcь (“kladenets (sword of stabbing type)”)
• *koldivo (“hammer”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: колоти (koloti) (10th century)
    • Belarusian: кало́ць (kalócʹ)
    • Russian: коло́ть (kolótʹ)
    • Ukrainian: коло́ти (kolóty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: клати (klati)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ко́ля (kólja)
  • Macedonian: коле (kole)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кла̏ти

    Latin script: klȁti

  • Slovene: kláti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kláti
    • Czech: klát
  • Kashubian: kłoc
  • Old Polish: kłuć, kłóć
    • Polish: kłuć, kłóć
  • Slovak: klať
  • Slovincian: klôc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kłóć
    • Lower Sorbian: kłojś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “коло́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 414
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kelh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 350
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kolti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 154
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “коло́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress