Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bojati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bajā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoyh₂-eh₂-ti, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Lithuanian bijóti, bijótis (“to be afraid”), Latvian bijât, bijâtiês (“to be afraid”), bîtiês (“to be afraid”), Old Prussian biātwei (“to be afraid”), Lithuanian bajùs (“fearful”), báimė, báilė (“fear”), Sanskrit भयते (bháyate), बिभेति (bibhéti, “to fear, to be afraid”), भीत (bhītá, “afraid”), भीति (bhīti, “fear”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬉 (baiieṇtē, “(they) are afraid”), Old Irish báigul (“danger”).

Verb

*bojàti impf

1. (reflexive) to fear, to be afraid

Inflection

Conjugation of *bojati, *boja, *bojitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bojanьje?	*bojati	*bojatъ	*bojalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*bojavъ	*boję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bojaxъ	*boja	*boja	*bojǫ	*bojiši	*bojitь
Dual	*bojaxově	*bojasta	*bojaste	*bojivě	*bojita	*bojite
Plural	*bojaxomъ	*bojaste	*bojašę	*bojimъ	*bojite	*bojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bojaaxъ	*bojaaše	*bojaaše	—	*boji	*boji
Dual	*bojaaxově	*bojaašeta	*bojaašete	*bojivě	*bojita	—
Plural	*bojaaxomъ	*bojaašete	*bojaaxǫ	*bojimъ	*bojite	—

Derived terms

• *bojaznь (“fear”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: бая́цца (bajácca)
  • Russian: боя́ться (bojátʹsja), 1sg. бою́сь (bojúsʹ), 3sg. бои́тся (boítsja)
  • Ukrainian: боя́тися (bojátysja)
  • Old Novgorodian: боꙗтисѧ (bojatisę)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: боꙗти (bojati)

    Glagolitic: ⰱⱁⱑⱅⰻ (boěti)

  • Bulgarian: боя̀ сѐ (bojà sè)
  • Macedonian: бои (boi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бо̀јати

    Latin script: bòjati

  • Slovene: báti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: báti
    • Czech: bát
  • Old Polish: bać, bojeć
    • Polish: bać, boić (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
    • Silesian: bŏć
  • Polabian: bet
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: bòjec
    • Slovincian: bôjec
  • Slovak: báť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: bojeć
    • Lower Sorbian: bójaś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “боя́ться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bojati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 163