sel

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sel"

Languages (26)

Translingual

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Afrikaans • Cahuilla • Czech • Estonian • Extremaduran • Fala • French • Indonesian • Michoacán Nahuatl • Middle English • Middle French • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Old Norse • Romanian • Romansch • Scots • Slovene • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Uzbek • Yola

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

sel

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Selkup.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch cel, from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛl/

Noun

sel (plural selle)

1. cell (element of a table)
2. cell (basic unit of a living organism)
3. cell (small room, especially in a jail or prison)

Derived terms

• selmaat

Cahuilla

Alternative forms

• sé'ish

Noun

sél

1. flower

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛl]
• Rhymes: -ɛl

Participle

sel

1. masculine singular past active participle of sít

   Synonym: sil

Noun

sel

1. genitive plural of selo

Anagrams

• Els
• les

Estonian

Pronoun

sel

1. adessive singular of see

   Synonym: sellel

Extremaduran

Verb

sel

1. to be

Fala

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsel/
• Rhymes: -el
• Syllabification: sel

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ser. Compare Portuguese ser and Galician ser.

Verb

sel

1. to be

Conjugation

Conjugation of sel (Lagarteiru)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		síu		síus
		plural		sía		sías
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	so	eris	é	somus	seis	son
	imperfect	era	eras	era	éramus	eris	eran
	preterite	foi	fostis fotis	foi	fomus	fostis fotis	foran
	future	seré	serás	será	seremus	sereis	serán
	conditional	siría	sirías	siría	siríamus	siríis	sirían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sea	seas	sea	seamus	seais	sean
	imperfect (ra)	fora	foras	fora	fóramus	foris	foran
	imperfect (si)	fosi	fosis	fosi	fósimus	fosis	fosin
imperative		—	sé	—	—	sei	—

Conjugation of sel (Mañegu)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		síu		síus
		plural		sía		sías
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	soi	eris	é	somus	sois	son
	imperfect	era	eras	era	éramus	eris	eran
	preterite	foi	fostis	foi	fomus	fostis	foran
	future	seré	serás	será	seremus	sereis	serán
	conditional	siría	sirías	siría	siríamus	siríis siríais	sirían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sea	seas	sea	seamus	seais	sean
	imperfect (ra)	fora	foras	fora	fóramus	foris	foran
	imperfect (si)	fosi	fosis	fosi	fósimus	fosis	fosin
imperative		—	sé	—	—	sei	—

Conjugation of sel (Valverdeñu)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		síu		síus
		plural		sía		sías
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	soi	eris	é	somus	sois	son
	imperfect	era	eras	era	éramus	érais	eran
	preterite	fui	fostis	foi	fuimus	fostis	foran
	future	seré	serás	será	seremus	sereis	serán
	conditional	sería	serías	sería	seríamus	seríais	serían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sea	seas	sea	seamus	seais	sean
	imperfect (ra)	fora	foras	fora	fóramus	fórais	foran
	imperfect (si)	fosi	fosis	fosi	fósimus	fosis	fosin
imperative		—	sé	—	—	seais	—

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese sair, from Latin salīre (“to leap”), from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥-ye-. Compare Galician saír and Spanish salir.

Verb

sel

1. to leave

Conjugation

Conjugation of sel (Lagarteiru)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		seyu		seya
		plural		seyus		seyas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sayu	sais	sai	semus	seis	sayin
	imperfect	seya	seyas	seya	séyamus	seyis	seyan
	preterite	seyi	seistis setis	seyu	semus	seistis setis	seiran
	future	sairé	sairás	sairá	sairemus	saireis	sairán
	conditional	sairía	sairías	sairía	sairíamus	sairíis	sairían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	saya	sayas	saya	sayamus	sayais	sayan
	imperfect (ra)	seira	seiras	seira	séiramus	seiris	seiran
	imperfect (si)	—	—	—	—	—	—
imperative		—	sai	—	—	sei	—

Conjugation of sel (Mañegu)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		seidu		seida
		plural		seidus		seidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sayu	sais	sai	semus seimus	seis	sayin
	imperfect	seya	seyas	seya	séyamus	seyis seyais	seyan
	preterite	sei	seistis sestis	sei	seimus	seistis sestis	seiran
	future	sairé	sairás	sairá	sairemus	saireis	sairán
	conditional	sairía	sairías	sairía	sairíamus	sairíis sairíais	sairían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	saya	sayas	saya	sayamus	sayais	sayan
	imperfect (ra)	seira	seiras	seira	séiramus	seiris seirais	seiran
	imperfect (si)	—	—	—	—	—	—
imperative		—	sai	—	—	sei	—

Conjugation of sel (Valverdeñu)

infinitive			sel
gerund			sendu
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		seidu		seida
		plural		seidus		seidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	sayu	sais	sai	semus	seidis	sayin
	imperfect	seya	seyas	seya	séyamus	seyais	seyan
	preterite	seyi	sestis	seyu	simus	sestis	seiran
	future	sairé	sairás	sairá	sairemus	saireis	sairán
	conditional	sairía	sairías	sairía	sairíamus	sairíais	sairían
subjunctive		ei	tú	el/ela	nos	vos	elis/elas
	present	saya	sayas	saya	sayamus	sayais	sayan
	imperfect (ra)	seira	seiras	seira	séiramus	seirais	seiran
	imperfect (si)	—	—	—	—	—	—
imperative		—	sai	—	—	seidi	—

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French sel, from Old French sel, from Latin salem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: celle, celles, selle, sellent, selles, sels

Noun

sel m (plural sels)

1. table salt, i.e. sodium chloride (NaCl)
2. (chemistry) salt
3. (in the plural) smelling salts
4. (figurative) spice

Derived terms

• cuillère à sel
• fin comme du gros sel
• fleur de sel
• mettre son grain de sel
• ne pas manquer de sel
• pâte à sel
• poivre et sel
• ramener son grain de sel
• sel de cuisine
• sel de table

Related terms

• saler

Further reading

• “sel”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• les, lès, lés

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛl]
• Hyphenation: sèl

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch cel (“cell”), from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

Noun

sèl (plural sel-sel)

1. cell
   1. a small room or compartment
      1. prison cell
      2. cloister cell
   2. (biology) basic unit of a living organism
   3. (chemistry, electricity, physics) the basic unit of a battery

Derived terms

• bersel
• disel

• sel adipose
• sel air
• sel anak
• sel argentafin
• sel B
• sel badai guntur
• sel bahan bakar
• sel basal
• sel batang
• sel beban
• sel berhubungan
• sel bibir
• sel D
• sel darah
• sel darah merah
• sel darah putih
• sel dendritik
• sel elektrokimia
• sel elektrolisis
• sel embrio
• sel enteroendokrin
• sel epitel
• sel fotovoltaik
• sel G
• sel germinal
• sel getah
• sel glandular
• sel glia
• sel goblet
• sel Hadley
• sel haploid
• sel hibridoma
• sel inang
• sel induk
• sel induk megaspora
• sel isolasi
• sel kecambah
• sel kelamin
• sel keranjang
• sel kering
• sel kerucut
• sel kipas
• sel klonogenik
• sel konduktivitas
• sel konveksi
• sel Kupffer
• sel labil
• sel Langerhans
• sel meridional
• sel Merkel
• sel NK
• sel nutfah
• sel olfaktori
• sel Paneth
• sel pembunuh alami
• sel pengasingan
• sel pengawal
• sel pengiring
• sel penjaga
• sel penuh
• sel penutup
• sel perawat
• sel permanen
• sel punca
• sel Purkinje
• sel raksasa
• sel ratu
• sel Reed-Sternberg
• sel saraf
• sel Schwann
• sel sertoli
• sel skuamosa
• sel solar
• sel somatik
• sel sporogen
• sel stabil
• sel surya
• sel T
• sel T pembantu
• sel T pembunuh
• sel T pengatur
• sel T sitotoksik
• sel telur
• sel tumor
• sel udara
• sel volta

Related terms

• selofan
• seluler
• selulit
• selulitis
• seluloid
• selulosa

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cel, clipping of celluloid.

Noun

sèl (plural sel-sel)

1. cel: a piece of celluloid on which has been drawn a frame of an animated film.

Further reading

• “sel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Michoacán Nahuatl

Noun

sel

1. ice

Middle English

Verb

sel

1. Alternative form of sellen

Middle French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French sel.

Noun

sel m (plural sels)

1. salt

Descendants

• French: sel

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse selr.

Noun

sel m (definite singular selen, indefinite plural seler, definite plural selene)

1. a seal (marine mammal)

See also

• sjøløve
• hvalross, kvalross

References

• “sel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

ein sel
Photo: Donna Nook (2010)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse selr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːl/
• Homophone: sæl

Noun

sel m (definite singular selen, indefinite plural selar, definite plural selane)

1. (zoology) a seal, pinniped

Derived terms

• blåsel
• ekte sel
• fjordsel
• grønlandssel
• gråsel
• pelssel
• ringsel
• selfangar
• selfangst
• selkjøt
• selkjøtt
• selskinn
• selspekk
• selunge
• ungsel
• øyresel

See also

• sjøløve
• kvalross

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sel n, from Proto-Germanic *salją.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːl/
• Homophone: sæl

Noun

sel n (definite singular selet, indefinite plural sel, definite plural sela)

1. a seter cottage, with sleeping room(s), a kitchen and a dairy storage room

Derived terms

• innsel
• utsel

Related terms

• sal m

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German sel (“soul”), as does also ultimately sjel. From Old Saxon sēola, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːl/
• Homophone: sæl

Noun

sel f

1. a soul; Used only in the expression mi sel (“truly!”).

Etymology 4

From the verb selja (“to sell”).

Noun

sel n (definite singular selet, indefinite plural sel, definite plural sela)

1. (rare) a sale

   Synonym: sal n

Verb

sel

1. present tense of selja and selje
2. imperative of selje and selje

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːl/
• Homophone: sæl

Verb

sel

1. imperative of sela and sele

References

• “sel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• Sel, esl, les, -sel, -sle

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sal, from Proto-Germanic *salą, from Indo-European. Cognate with Old High German sal, German Saal (“hall, large room”), Old Saxon sal, Dutch zaal. Compare sele, from a Germanic variant stem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sel/

Noun

sel n

1. Alternative form of sæl (“room, great hall, castle”)

   Heorot, sincfāge sel ― Heorot, (Thou) richly adorned hall!

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	sel	salu
accusative	sel	salu
genitive	seles	sala
dative	sele	salum

Descendants

• English: sele, seel

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *sāliz. See sǣliġ (“blessed, fortunate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seːl/

Adjective

sēl (comparative sēlla, superlative sēlest)

1. good, noble

   Sōna ic wæs wyrpende and mē sēl wæs. ― Soon I was recovering and I was better.

Declension

Declension of sēl — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sēl	sēl	sēl
Accusative	sēlne	sēle	sēl
Genitive	sēles	sēlre	sēles
Dative	sēlum	sēlre	sēlum
Instrumental	sēle	sēlre	sēle
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sēle	sēla, sēle	sēl
Accusative	sēle	sēla, sēle	sēl
Genitive	sēlra	sēlra	sēlra
Dative	sēlum	sēlum	sēlum
Instrumental	sēlum	sēlum	sēlum

Declension of sēl — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sēla	sēle	sēle
Accusative	sēlan	sēlan	sēle
Genitive	sēlan	sēlan	sēlan
Dative	sēlan	sēlan	sēlan
Instrumental	sēlan	sēlan	sēlan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	sēlan	sēlan	sēlan
Accusative	sēlan	sēlan	sēlan
Genitive	sēlra, sēlena	sēlra, sēlena	sēlra, sēlena
Dative	sēlum	sēlum	sēlum
Instrumental	sēlum	sēlum	sēlum

Related terms

• medsēlþ

References

• John R. Clark Hall (1916) “sel”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[2], 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan
• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sel”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old Galician-Portuguese sal m.

Noun

sel oblique singular, m (oblique plural seaus or seax or siaus or siax or sels, nominative singular seaus or seax or siaus or siax or sels, nominative plural sel)

1. salt

Descendants

• Middle French: sel
  • French: sel
• Franc-Comtois: sâ
• Norman: sé, saïl
• Walloon: sé

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sʲel]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *swelos (“a turn”).

Noun

sel m

1. a turn, a time, a while

Declension

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sel	selL	silL
vocative	sil	selL	seluH
accusative	selN	selL	seluH
genitive	silL	sel	selN
dative	selL	selaib	selaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15^d9

  Non cogitare tola et accobra in betha, act cach la sel dún for imrádud Dé, in sel aile for precept. Ar seirc Dǽ do·gníam cechtarde.

  Not to think of the wishes and desires of the world, but it is for us to be at one time meditating on God, at another time preaching. For love of God we do each of the two.

Derived terms

• cach la sel
• merfal, merfall
  • Middle Irish: merball
    • Irish: mearbhall

Descendants

• Middle Irish: sel
  • Irish: seal
  • Manx: shayll
  • Scottish Gaelic: seal (“while”)
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: dessel
    • Irish: deiseal
      • → English: deiseal, deisal, deasil, deisul, deshil
    • Scottish Gaelic: deiseil
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: túaithbel
    • Irish: tuathal
    • Scottish Gaelic: tuathal

Mutation

Mutation of sel

radical	lenition	nasalization
sel	phel, fel	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·sel

1. third-person singular future conjunctive of slaidid

Mutation

Mutation of sel

radical	lenition	nasalization
sel	ṡel	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *salją, diminutive of either *salą or *saliz.

Noun

sel n

1. shed on a mountain pasture

Declension

Declension of sel (strong ja-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sel	selit	sel	selin
accusative	sel	selit	sel	selin
dative	seli	selinu	seljum	seljunum
genitive	sels	selsins	selja	seljanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: sel
• Norwegian: sel
  • → Danish: sæl
    • Norwegian Bokmål: sel
• Old Swedish: *sæl (only in compounds, e.g. sælia boþ)

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sel”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sel

1. indefinite accusative singular of selr (“seal”)

Verb

sel

1. inflection of selja (“to sell”):
   1. first-person singular active present indicative
   2. second-person singular active imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سل (sel), a vulgar variant of سیل (seyl), from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

Noun

sel n (plural seluri)

1. torrent
2. ditch

Declension

Declension of sel

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	sel	selul		seluri	selurile
genitive-dative	sel	selului		seluri	selurilor
vocative	selule			selurilor

Romansch

Alternative forms

• sal (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin sāl, sālem, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Noun

sel m

1. (Puter) salt

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz.

Noun

sel

1. self

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sъlъ, from the same root as sláti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə́l/, /sə́ʋ/

Noun

sə̏l or sə̏ł m anim

1. messenger

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	sel
gen. sing.	sla
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	sel	sla	sli
genitive (rodȋlnik)	sla	slov	slov
dative (dajȃlnik)	slu	sloma	slom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	sla	sla	sle
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	slu	slih	slih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	slom	sloma	sli

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English sail.

Noun

sel

1. sail
2. canvas; tarpaulin

Derived terms

• haus sel

Descendants

• → Rotokas: siel

Verb

sel

1. to sail

Etymology 2

From English shell.

Noun

sel

1. shell
2. shellfish

Etymology 3

From English cell.

Noun

sel

1. cell (biology)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سل (sel), a vulgar variant of سیل (seyl), from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsæl/
• Hyphenation: sel

Noun

sel (definite accusative seli, plural seller)

1. flood

Derived terms

• sel seli götürmek

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sel”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 2647
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sel”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2735

Uzbek

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

Noun

sel (plural sellar)

1. downpour
2. flash flood

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English sele, from Old English seolh, from Proto-West Germanic *selh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /se̞l/

Noun

sel

1. seal (animal)

References

• Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990) “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎^[5], volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 160