scio

See also: Scio and sciò

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈst͡sio]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: sci‧o

Noun

scio (uncountable, accusative scion)

1. knowledge

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): ^*/ˈʃi.o/
• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: scì‧o

Verb

scio

1. first-person singular present indicative of sciare

Anagrams

• -isco, Cois, Cosi, Soči, cosi, cosi', così, isco-, osci, scoi, soci

Latin

Etymology

De Vaan follows the LIV in tentatively reconstructing Proto-Italic *skijō, from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, dissect”), in which case related to secō (“to cut off”), signum (“a sign”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and English shit. He additionally notes the bare verb may be a backformation from nesciō. The proposed semantic development is not unusual, but is difficult to reconcile with the archaic semantics preserved in the deponent senses of Latin scitus and its diminutive, Latin scitulus, which instead suggest shared origin with Sanskrit चि (ci), Sanskrit चेतते (cétate), presumably reflecting Proto-Indo-European *keyt-. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈski.oː/, [ˈs̠kioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈʃi.o/, [ˈʃiːo]

Verb

sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation

1. to be able to, to know (how to do), understand, to have practical knowledge

   Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, tongeō, cernō, audiō

   Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō

   Scīsne ubi habitēmus? ― Do you know where we live?

2. (euphemistic) to know carnally

Conjugation

• Used with adverb, accusative, or ablative
• The third and fourth principal parts are shared with scīscō.
• The regular present imperatives, scī and scīte, are almost never encountered, with the regular second person future imperative forms scītō and scītōte being used instead.
• Irregular forms are commonly encountered in early Latin, especially in the imperfect and future tenses.
  • syncopated perfect forms: scīsse (= scīvisse), scīstī (= scīvistī), scīrint (= scīverint)
  • archaic imperfect forms: scībam, scībās, scībat, *scībāmus, scībātis, scībant (= sciēbam etc.)
  • archaic future forms: scībō, scībis, scībit, scībimus, *scībitis, scībunt (= sciam etc.), passive scībitur
  • Contraction scīn (or scīn') for scīsne (scīs + -ne)

   Conjugation of sciō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sciō		scīs		scit		scīmus		scītis		sciunt
	imperfect	sciēbam		sciēbās		sciēbat		sciēbāmus		sciēbātis		sciēbant
	future	sciam		sciēs		sciet		sciēmus		sciētis		scient
	perfect	scīvī, sciī		scīvistī, sciistī		scīvit, sciit		scīvimus, sciimus		scīvistis, sciistis		scīvērunt, scīvēre, sciērunt, sciēre
	pluperfect	scīveram, scieram		scīverās, scierās		scīverat, scierat		scīverāmus, scierāmus		scīverātis, scierātis		scīverant, scierant
	future perfect	scīverō, scierō		scīveris, scieris		scīverit, scierit		scīverimus, scierimus		scīveritis, scieritis		scīverint, scierint
passive	present	scior		scīris, scīre		scītur		scīmur		scīminī		sciuntur
	imperfect	sciēbar		sciēbāris, sciēbāre		sciēbātur		sciēbāmur		sciēbāminī		sciēbantur
	future	sciar		sciēris, sciēre		sciētur		sciēmur		sciēminī		scientur
	perfect	scītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	scītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sciam		sciās		sciat		sciāmus		sciātis		sciant
	imperfect	scīrem		scīrēs		scīret		scīrēmus		scīrētis		scīrent
	perfect	scīverim, scierim		scīverīs, scierīs		scīverit, scierit		scīverīmus, scierīmus		scīverītis, scierītis		scīverint, scierint
	pluperfect	scīvissem, sciissem		scīvissēs, sciissēs		scīvisset, sciisset		scīvissēmus, sciissēmus		scīvissētis, sciissētis		scīvissent, sciissent
passive	present	sciar		sciāris, sciāre		sciātur		sciāmur		sciāminī		sciantur
	imperfect	scīrer		scīrēris, scīrēre		scīrētur		scīrēmur		scīrēminī		scīrentur
	perfect	scītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		scītō		—		—		scītōte		—
	future	—		scītō		scītō		—		scītōte		sciuntō
passive	present	—		scīre		—		—		scīminī		—
	future	—		scītor		scītor		—		—		sciuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		scīre			scīrī			sciēns			—
future		scītūrum esse			scītum īrī			scītūrus			sciendus, sciundus
perfect		scīvisse, sciisse			scītum esse			—			scītus
future perfect		—			scītum fore			—			—
perfect potential		scītūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sciendī		sciendō		sciendum		sciendō		scītum		scītū

Derived terms

• consciō
• nesciō
• praesciō
• sciēns
• scienter
• scientia
• scientificus
• scientiola
• scīlicet
• scīscō
• scītus

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: shtiu, shciu, sciu
  • Istro-Romanian: știvu
  • Megleno-Romanian: știu
  • Romanian: ști
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: ischire
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: scii
  • → Italian: scire (rare)

References

• “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• scio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I know for a fact: certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32)
    
  • I know very well: probe scio, non ignoro
    
  • as far as I know: quantum scio
    
  • as far as I know: quod sciam
    
  • we know from experience: experti scimus, didicimus
    
  • to have received a liberal education: litteras scire
    
  • to know Latin: latinam linguam scire or didicisse
    
  • to know Latin: latine scire