चि

Khaling

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

चि (ci)

1. beer

Newar

Etymology

From Classical Newar 𑐔𑐷 (cī), perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa (“salt”). Cognate to Thangmi छ्या, Chepang छेः.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun

चि • (ci) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐔𑐶)

1. salt

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চি (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬶ (Balinese script)
• চি (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• စိ (Burmese script)
• ચિ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಚಿ (Kannada script)
• ចិ (Khmer script)
• ຈິ (Lao script)
• ചി (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଚି (Odia script)
• ꢗꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖰 (Siddham script)
• චි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚮 (Takri script)
• சி (Tamil script)
• చి (Telugu script)
• จิ (Thai script)
• ཙི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕi/

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to collect, gather, pile, build”). Compare Proto-Slavic *činìti (“to instigate, do”), Ancient Greek ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”).

Root

चि • (ci)

1. to arrange in order, pile up, construct
2. to collect, gather, accumulate, acquire
3. to cover, inlay

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root चि (0 c, 7 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root चि (5 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• चिनोति (cinóti, Present)
• चेष्यति (ceṣyáti, Future)
• चेता (cetā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अचेत् (ácet, Aorist)
• अचैषीत् (ácaiṣīt, Aorist)
• चीयात् (cīyāt, Benedictive)
• चिकाय (cikā́ya, Perfect)
• चिचाय (cicā́ya, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• चीयते (cīyáte, Passive)
• अचायि (ácāyi, Passive Aorist)
• चाययति (cāyáyati, Causative)
• चापयति (cāpáyati, Causative)
• चययति (cayáyati, Causative)
• चपयति (capáyati, Causative)
• अचीचपत् (ácīcapat, Causative Aorist)
• अचीचयत् (ácīcayat, Causative Aorist)
• चिकीषति (cikīṣati, Desiderative)
• चिचीषति (cicīṣati, Desiderative)
• चिचीषयति (cicīṣayati, Causative of Desiderative)
• चेचीयते (cecīyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• चित (citá, Past Participle)
• चेतुम् (cetum, Infinitive)
• चेतवै (cetavái, Infinitive)
• चित्वा (citvā́, Gerund)
• चयित्वा (cayitvā́, Gerund)
• चित्य (cítya, Gerundive)
• चीय (cīyá, Gerundive)
• चयनीय (cayanī́ya, Gerundive)
• चयितव्य (cayitavyà, Gerundive)
• चेतव्य (cetavyà, Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

• काय (kāya)
• चय (caya)
• चयन (cáyana)
• चयिष्ठ (cayiṣṭha)
• चाय (cāya)
• चायिन् (cāyin)
• चाय्य (cāyyá)
• चित् (cít)
• चित्या (cityā)
• चिति (cíti)
• चिता (citā)
• चीति (cīti)
• चेतृ (cetṛ)
• चेय (ceya)
• चिचीषा (cicīṣā)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to observe, perceive”). Compare Ancient Greek τίω (tíō, “to pay honor, respects (to a person)”). See also चित् (cit).

Alternative forms

• कि (ki), चय् (cay), चाय् (cāy)

Root

चि • (ci)

1. to observe, perceive
2. to fix the gaze upon, be intent upon
3. to seek for, investigate, search through

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root चि (0 c, 7 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root चि (5 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• चिकेति (cikéti, Present)
• चायति (cā́yati, Present)
• चिनोति (cinóti, Present)
• चेष्यति (ceṣyáti, Future)
• अचायीत् (ácāyīt, Aorist)
• अचेष्ट (áceṣṭa, Aorist)
• चिकाय (cikā́ya, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• चीयते (cīyáte, Passive)
• चिकीषति (cikīṣati, Desiderative)

Non-Finite Forms

• चित (citá, Past Participle)
• चेतुम् (cétum, Infinitive)
• चायित्वा (cāyitvā́, Gerund)
• चित्य (cityá, Gerundive)
• चेतव्य (cetavyà, Gerundive)
• चाय्य (cā́yya, Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

• चय (cáya)
• चयन (cáyana)
• चायक (cāyaka)
• चायिन् (cāyin)
• चित् (cít)
• चिति (citi)
• चेतृ (cetṛ́)
• चेय (ceya)
• चिर (cira)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to avenge”).

Root

चि • (ci)

1. to detest, hate
2. to revenge, punish, take vengeance on

Derived terms

• चयते (cáyate)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “चि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 394.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “चि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 46
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “चि”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “CAY^1-3”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 531-533

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 220
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 377-80
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “637”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 637