mordeo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *mordeō, from *mordejō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mord-éye-ti, from *(s)merd- (“to bite, sting”).^[1]

Cognate with Sanskrit मर्दति (márdati, “press, crush, destroy”), म्रदते (mradate, “pulverize”), Ancient Greek σμερδνός (smerdnós, “dreadful”), σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos), English smart.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmor.de.oː/, [ˈmɔrd̪eoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmor.de.o/, [ˈmɔrd̪eo]

Verb

mordeō (present infinitive mordēre, perfect active momordī, supine morsum); second conjugation

to bite (into); nibble, gnaw
to nip, sting
to eat, consume, devour, erode
to bite into, take hold of, press or cut into
to hurt, pain, sting
to squander, waste, dissipate

Conjugation

The third principal part, momordī, also appears as memordī.

Conjugation of mordeō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	mordeō	mordēs		mordet	mordēmus	mordētis		mordent
	imperfect	mordēbam	mordēbās		mordēbat	mordēbāmus	mordēbātis		mordēbant
	future	mordēbō	mordēbis		mordēbit	mordēbimus	mordēbitis		mordēbunt
	perfect	momordī	momordistī		momordit	momordimus	momordistis		momordērunt, momordēre
	pluperfect	momorderam	momorderās		momorderat	momorderāmus	momorderātis		momorderant
	future perfect	momorderō	momorderis		momorderit	momorderimus	momorderitis		momorderint
passive	present	mordeor	mordēris, mordēre		mordētur	mordēmur	mordēminī		mordentur
	imperfect	mordēbar	mordēbāris, mordēbāre		mordēbātur	mordēbāmur	mordēbāminī		mordēbantur
	future	mordēbor	mordēberis, mordēbere		mordēbitur	mordēbimur	mordēbiminī		mordēbuntur
	perfect	morsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	morsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	morsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	mordeam	mordeās		mordeat	mordeāmus	mordeātis		mordeant
	imperfect	mordērem	mordērēs		mordēret	mordērēmus	mordērētis		mordērent
	perfect	momorderim	momorderīs		momorderit	momorderīmus	momorderītis		momorderint
	pluperfect	momordissem	momordissēs		momordisset	momordissēmus	momordissētis		momordissent
passive	present	mordear	mordeāris, mordeāre		mordeātur	mordeāmur	mordeāminī		mordeantur
	imperfect	mordērer	mordērēris, mordērēre		mordērētur	mordērēmur	mordērēminī		mordērentur
	perfect	morsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	morsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	mordē		—	—	mordēte		—
active	future	—	mordētō		mordētō	—	mordētōte		mordentō
passive	present	—	mordēre		—	—	mordēminī		—
passive	future	—	mordētor		mordētor	—	—		mordentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		mordēre		mordērī		mordēns		—
future		morsūrum esse		morsum īrī		morsūrus		mordendus
perfect		momordisse		morsum esse		—		morsus
future perfect		—		morsum fore		—		—
perfect potential		morsūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		mordendī	mordendō		mordendum	mordendō	morsum		morsū

Derived terms

Descendants

Aragonese: morder
Asturian: morder
Galician: morder
Portuguese: morder
Spanish: morder

Reflexes of an assumed variant *mordĕre:^[2]

Italo-Romance:
- Italian: mordere
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: mòrdere, mòrdiri
North Italian:
- Friulian: muardi
- Lombard: mord
- Piedmontese: mòrde
- >? Romansch: morder
Gallo-Romance:
- Old Catalan: mordre
- Franco-Provençal: môrdre
- Old French: mordre
  - French: mordre
- Gascon: mórder
- Occitan: mòrdre

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mordeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
^ Grandgent, Charles Hall (1907) An Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Heath's Modern Language Series), D. C. Heath & Company, page 167