Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ḱel- (“to incline”) according to Pokorny.^[1]^[2]

A relation with Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”) (with metathesis of 'l' and 'w') has been suggested.^[3]

Root

*ḱlew- (perfective)^[1]^[4]

to hear

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- (40 c, 0 e)

*ḱléw-se-ti (se-desiderative)
- ⇒ *ḱlews-
*ḱléw-t ~ *ḱl̥w-ént (athematic root aorist)
*ḱlows-
- Proto-Albanian: *klāusnja
  - Albanian: quaj
*ḱléw-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kleyyō
  - Ancient Greek: κλείω (kleíō), κλέω (kléō)
*ḱlḗw-s-t ~ *ḱléw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus- (see there for further descendants)
*ḱl̥-né-w-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-w-énti (nasal-infix present)
*ḱlow-éye-ti (causative)^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati
    - Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati)
      - Kashmiri: ہاوُن (hāvun, “to show”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)
    - Old Persian:
      - Middle Persian: slwtn' (/⁠srūdan⁠/, “to sing, recite, play”), slʾd- (/⁠srāy-⁠/, present stem)^[6]
        Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)
    - Parthian: srʾwyyd (/⁠srāwēd⁠/, “to sing”, impv.pl.)
*ḱe-ḱlów-e ~ *ḱe-ḱl̥w-ḗr (stative)
*ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)^[4]^[7]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušás
  - Proto-Slavic: *sluxъ
  - Latvian: sluvêt
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥wáHti
  - Proto-Iranian: *cr̥wáHti
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē)
- Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”)
  - Latin: clueō
- Messapic: [script needed] (klaohi /⁠klauhi⁠/, “listen, hear”)
*ḱlew-eto-s
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)
*ḱléw-mn̥ ~ *ḱlu-mén-s
- Proto-Germanic: *hleumô (“hearing”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwma
  - Proto-Iranian: *cráwma
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬥 (sraoman, “hearing”)
- ⇒ *ḱléw-mn̥-to-
  - Proto-Germanic: *hleumundaz (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwmatam
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwmatam
      - Sanskrit: श्रोमत (śrómata, “good fame”)
*ḱléw-os ~ *ḱléw-es-os
*ḱlew-ēs (< **ḱlew-es-s)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kléwēs
  - Ancient Greek: -κλέης (-kléēs, “fame, glory”), -κλῆς (-klês), used in Greek male given names, such as Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês), Περικλῆς (Periklês)
*ḱlēw-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ (see there for further descendants)
*ḱlow-ro- or *ḱlu-ro-
- Old Armenian: լուր (lur)
  - Armenian: լուր (lur)
*ḱlú-ti-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrútiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrútiṣ
    - Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)
*ḱlu-tó-s (“heard, famous”)
*ḱléw-tro-m
- Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram
    - Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)
Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)
Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)

External links

Word Family - Loud

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606
^ “Word Family Loud”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], Aidanem, 2020 July 22
^ J. J. F. Lehtinen (2020) “L-w-metateesi ja s ~ r -vastaavuus ieur. ja ural. kielten välillä [L-w metathesis and the correspondence s ~ r between the IE and Uralic languages]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[2]
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “srūdan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606

[2] “Word Family Loud”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], Aidanem, 2020 July 22

[3] J. J. F. Lehtinen (2020) “L-w-metateesi ja s ~ r -vastaavuus ieur. ja ural. kielten välillä [L-w metathesis and the correspondence s ~ r between the IE and Uralic languages]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[2]

[LIV-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335

[Cheung-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357

[6] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “srūdan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]