Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néwti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *ḱlew- (“to hear”) + *-né- (nasal infix).
Verb
[edit]*ḱl̥néwti (imperfective)[1][2][3]
- to be listening
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néwti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥wénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱl̥néwmi | *ḱl̥nḗm | — | *ḱl̥néwoh₂ | *ḱl̥nuyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱl̥néwsi | *ḱl̥néws | *ḱl̥néw, *ḱl̥nudʰí | *ḱl̥néwesi | *ḱl̥nuyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néwti | *ḱl̥néwt | *ḱl̥néwtu | *ḱl̥néweti | *ḱl̥nuyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ḱl̥nuwós | *ḱl̥nuwé | — | *ḱl̥néwowos | *ḱln̥wih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ḱl̥nutés | *ḱl̥nutóm | *ḱl̥nutóm | *ḱl̥néwetes | *ḱln̥wih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ḱl̥nutés | *ḱl̥nutā́m | *ḱl̥nutā́m | *ḱl̥néwetes | *ḱln̥wih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ḱl̥numós | *ḱl̥numé | — | *ḱl̥néwomos | *ḱln̥wih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ḱl̥nuté | *ḱl̥nuté | *ḱl̥nuté | *ḱl̥néwete | *ḱln̥wih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥wénti | *ḱln̥wént | *ḱln̥wéntu | *ḱl̥néwonti | *ḱln̥wih₁ént |
| Participle | *ḱln̥wónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱl̥nuh₂ér | *ḱl̥nuh₂é | — | *ḱl̥néwoh₂er | *ḱln̥wih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ḱl̥nuth₂ér | *ḱl̥nuth₂é | *ḱl̥nusó | *ḱl̥néweth₂er | *ḱln̥wih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥nutór, *ḱln̥wór | *ḱl̥nutó, *ḱln̥wó | *? | *ḱl̥néwetor | *ḱln̥wih₁tó, *ḱln̥wih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ḱl̥nuwósdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥nuwédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néwowosdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥wih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱl̥numósdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥numédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néwomosdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥wih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥nudʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥néwedʰh₂we | *ḱln̥wih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥wn̥tór, *ḱl̥nurór | *ḱln̥wn̥tó, *ḱl̥nuró | *? | *ḱl̥néwontor | *ḱln̥wih₁ró |
| Participle | *ḱln̥wm̥h₁nós | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- *ḱl̥nów-is ~ *ḱln̥w-éy-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *hlunniz
- Proto-West Germanic: *hlunni (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *hlunniz
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *klinutor (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *klän-
References
[edit]- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kli-nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 208