Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Infix

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*-né- (oblique stem *-n-)

  1. Forms mostly transitive imperfective verbs from perfective intransitive roots.

Usage notes

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The infix is inserted into the zero grade of the root, before the final consonant, which must be a stop or laryngeal. The root must also contain a sonorant non-initially. The verb thus formed ablauts like a normal athematic verb. In the zero grade, the -n- is never syllabic, the preceding sonorant is instead.

Inflection

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Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular *-né-ti
3rd plural *-n-énti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *-né-mi *-né-m̥ *-né-oh₂ *-n-yéh₁m̥
2nd singular *-né-si *-né-s *-né-, *-n-dʰí *-né-esi *-n-yéh₁s
3rd singular *-né-ti *-né-t *-né-tu *-né-eti *-n-yéh₁t
1st dual *-n-wós *-n-wé *-né-owos *-n-ih₁wé
2nd dual *-n-tés *-n-tóm *-n-tóm *-né-etes *-n-ih₁tóm
3rd dual *-n-tés *-n-tā́m *-n-tā́m *-né-etes *-n-ih₁tā́m
1st plural *-n-mós *-n-mé *-né-omos *-n-ih₁mé
2nd plural *-n-té *-n-té *-n-té *-né-ete *-n-ih₁té
3rd plural *-n-énti *-n-ént *-n-éntu *-né-onti *-n-ih₁ént
Participle *-n-ónts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *-n-h₂ér *-n-h₂é *-né-oh₂er *-n-ih₁h₂é
2nd singular *-n-th₂ér *-n-th₂é *-n-só *-né-eth₂er *-n-ih₁th₂é
3rd singular *-n-tór, *-n-ór *-n-tó, *-n-ó *? *-né-etor *-n-ih₁tó, *-n-ih₁ó
1st dual *-n-wósdʰh₂ *-n-wédʰh₂ *-né-owosdʰh₂ *-n-ih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *-n-mósdʰh₂ *-n-médʰh₂ *-né-omosdʰh₂ *-n-ih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural *-n-dʰh₂wé *-n-dʰh₂wé *-n-dʰh₂wé *-né-edʰh₂we *-n-ih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural *-n-n̥tór, *-n-rór *-n-n̥tó, *-n-ró *? *-né-ontor *-n-ih₁ró
Participle *-n-m̥h₁nós

Derived terms

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See also

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