Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱléwt
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Athematic root aorist of *ḱlew- (“to hear”).
Verb
[edit]*ḱléwt (perfective)[1][2][3][4]
- to hear
Inflection
[edit]| Perfective, athematic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱléwt | |||
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥wént | |||
| Active voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱlḗm | — | *ḱléwoh₂ | *ḱluyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱléws | *ḱléw, *ḱludʰí | *ḱléwesi | *ḱluyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ḱléwt | *ḱléwtu | *ḱléweti | *ḱluyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ḱluwé | — | *ḱléwowos | *ḱl̥wih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ḱlutóm | *ḱlutóm | *ḱléwetes | *ḱl̥wih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ḱlutā́m | *ḱlutā́m | *ḱléwetes | *ḱl̥wih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ḱlumé | — | *ḱléwomos | *ḱl̥wih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ḱluté | *ḱluté | *ḱléwete | *ḱl̥wih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥wént | *ḱl̥wéntu | *ḱléwonti | *ḱl̥wih₁ént |
| Participle | *ḱl̥wónts | |||
| Middle voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱluh₂é | — | *ḱléwoh₂er | *ḱl̥wih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ḱluth₂é | *ḱlusó | *ḱléweth₂er | *ḱl̥wih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ḱlutó, *ḱl̥wó | *? | *ḱléwetor | *ḱl̥wih₁tó, *ḱl̥wih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ḱluwédʰh₂ | — | *ḱléwowosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥wih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱlumédʰh₂ | — | *ḱléwomosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥wih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱludʰh₂wé | *ḱludʰh₂wé | *ḱléwedʰh₂we | *ḱl̥wih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥wn̥tó, *ḱluró | *? | *ḱléwontor | *ḱl̥wih₁ró |
| Participle | *ḱl̥wm̥h₁nós | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լուաւ (luaw)
- (perhaps) Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *slùti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćrawt
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sluti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 719