fructus

English

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Fructus (Roman law)

Wikipedia

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin frūctus.

Noun

fructus (uncountable)

(law, historical) In Ancient Roman law, any product originating either from a natural source (such as fruits grown or animals bred) or from legal transactions (e.g. interest on a loan).

Latin

Etymology

From fruor (“have the benefit of, use, enjoy”) +‎ -tus (suffix forming nouns from verbs); equivalent to Proto-Italic *frūktus and Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-tu-s.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfruːk.tus/, [ˈfruːkt̪ʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfruk.tus/, [ˈfrukt̪us]

Noun

frūctus m (genitive frūctūs); fourth declension

enjoyment, delight, satisfaction
Synonyms: gaudium, dēlicium, voluptās, laetitia, dēlectātiō

Antonyms: maeror, maestitia, trīstitia, tristitās
produce, product, fruit
Synonyms: seges, prōventus, frūx
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.671–672:
  fēcundior annus prōvenit, et frūctum terra pecūsque ferunt
  A more fertile year proceeds, and the land and the cattle bring forth produce.
profit, yield, output, income
(by extension) effect, result, return, reward, success
Synonyms: successus, frūx, effectus, ēventus, exitus, prōventus
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.31.16:
  cōnsīderāvit agrum et emit eum dē frūctū manuum suārum plantāvit vīneam
  She hath considered a field, and bought it: with the fruit of her hands she hath planted a vineyard. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	frūctus	frūctūs
genitive	frūctūs	frūctuum
dative	frūctuī	frūctibus
accusative	frūctum	frūctūs
ablative	frūctū	frūctibus
vocative	frūctus	frūctūs

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Eastern Romance:
- Aromanian: frut, frutu, fructu, frutã
- Istro-Romanian: frupt
- Romanian: frupt, fruct
Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: frûto
- Old Lombard: frug
  - Lombard: frut, fruta
- Old Piedmontese: fruyt
  - Piedmontese: frut
- Romagnol: fròtta
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican: fruttu
- Gallurese: fruttu
- Italian: frutto, frutta
  - → Cimbrian: frutta
- Neapolitan: frùtto
  - Tarantino: frutte
- Sardinian: frutu, furtu, fruttu, frutta
- Sassarese: fruttu, Sassarese: frutta
- Sicilian: fruttu, frutta
Navarro-Aragonese: fruto, fructo, fruyto
- Aragonese: fruito
Old French: fruit
- Champenois: frut
- Gallo: frut
- Middle French: fruict
  - French: fruit
    - Haitian Creole: fwi
- Norman: frit
- Picard: frut
- Walloon: frut
- → Middle Dutch: fruut, froyt
  - Dutch: fruit
- → Middle English: fruyt, freut, fruct, fruit, frut, frute
  - English: fruit
    - Bislama: frut
    - Jamaican Creole: fruut
    - Tok Pisin: frut
    - → Japanese: フルーツ (furūtsu)
  - Scots: fruit, frute
  - → Cornish: frut
Old Leonese:
- Asturian: fruitu, fruita
- Extremaduran: frutu
- Leonese: fruitu, fruita
- Mirandese: fruito, fruita
Old Occitan:
- Catalan: fruit, fruita
- Occitan: fruch, fruit, frucha, fruita
Old Galician-Portuguese: fruito, fruita
- Galician: froito, froita, fruita
- Portuguese: fruto, fruta
Old Spanish: frucho, frucha
- Spanish: fruto, Spanish: fruta
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: frut, frute, frutam
- Romansch: fritg, fretg, früt
- → Maltese: frott
Venetan: fruto
→ Albanian: fryt (via Vulgar Latin), frutë (via Classical Latin)
→ Aromanian: fructu
→ Asturian: frutu, fruta
→ Basque: fruitu
→ Baltic Romani: frukto
→ Greek: φρούτο (froúto)
→ Leonese: frutu, fruta
→ Polish: frukt
- → Russian: фрукт (frukt)
→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨθ (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-West Germanic: *fruht (see there for further descendants)
→ Romanian: fruct
→ Spanish: fruto
→ Ukrainian: фрукт (frukt)

Participle

frūctus (feminine frūcta, neuter frūctum); first/second-declension participle

enjoyed, having derived pleasure from

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	frūctus	frūcta	frūctum	frūctī	frūctae	frūcta
genitive	frūctī	frūctae	frūctī	frūctōrum	frūctārum	frūctōrum
dative	frūctō	frūctae	frūctō	frūctīs
accusative	frūctum	frūctam	frūctum	frūctōs	frūctās	frūcta
ablative	frūctō	frūctā	frūctō	frūctīs
vocative	frūcte	frūcta	frūctum	frūctī	frūctae	frūcta

References

“fructus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“fructus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
fructus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
fructus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
- (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
- I am benefited by a thing: aliquid ad meum fructum redundat
- to reap: fructus demetere or percipere
- to harvest crops: fructus condere (N. D. 2. 62. 156)
“fructus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“fructus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin