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frapper

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French frapper, from Old French fraper, frapper (“to deliver a blow to someone, hit, strike”), from Frankish *hrapōn (“to snatch, scuffle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapōną, *hrapjaną (“to touch, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krep-, *(s)kreb- (“to scratch, engrave”). Cognate with Old High German hraffōn (“to take over, seize”) (whence German raffen (“to gather up, heap”)), Old English hreppan (“to touch, treat”), Old Norse hrappa (“to handle roughly”), North Frisian rippe (“to move, stir”).

For the Romance substitution of [fr] for Germanic [xr] compare also freux, froc, frimas, etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fʁa.pe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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frapper

  1. to hit, to strike, to bash
    Il m’a frappé le bras. ― He hit me on the arm.
  2. to knock (e.g. on a door)
    • 1978, “Aimer d'amour”, performed by Boule Noire:
      L’amour ne vient pas souvent / Frapper au bon moment / Quand il vient te voir / Faut savoir le recevoir
      Love does not often come / Knocking at the right moment / When it comes to see you / You must know how to let it in
    • 2006, “Un Ange Frappe À Ma Porte”, in Longueur D'Ondes, performed by Natasha St. Pier:
      Un ange frappe à ma porte
      An angel knocks at my door
  3. to bang (to get attention)
  4. (music) to beat time (as a conductor)
  5. (music) to strike (a chord)
  6. to strike down
    frappé par Dieu ― struck down by God
  7. to hit (to affect by a punishment)
  8. (figuratively) to strike
    frapper l’imagination ― to strike the imagination.
  9. (bartending) to shake

Conjugation

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Conjugation of frapper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple frapper
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple frappant
/fʁa.pɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle frappé
/fʁa.pe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present frappe
/fʁap/ 		frappes
/fʁap/ 		frappe
/fʁap/ 		frappons
/fʁa.pɔ̃/ 		frappez
/fʁa.pe/ 		frappent
/fʁap/
imperfect frappais
/fʁa.pɛ/ 		frappais
/fʁa.pɛ/ 		frappait
/fʁa.pɛ/ 		frappions
/fʁa.pjɔ̃/ 		frappiez
/fʁa.pje/ 		frappaient
/fʁa.pɛ/
past historic2 frappai
/fʁa.pe/ 		frappas
/fʁa.pa/ 		frappa
/fʁa.pa/ 		frappâmes
/fʁa.pam/ 		frappâtes
/fʁa.pat/ 		frappèrent
/fʁa.pɛʁ/
future frapperai
/fʁa.pʁe/ 		frapperas
/fʁa.pʁa/ 		frappera
/fʁa.pʁa/ 		frapperons
/fʁa.pʁɔ̃/ 		frapperez
/fʁa.pʁe/ 		frapperont
/fʁa.pʁɔ̃/
conditional frapperais
/fʁa.pʁɛ/ 		frapperais
/fʁa.pʁɛ/ 		frapperait
/fʁa.pʁɛ/ 		frapperions
/fʁa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		frapperiez
/fʁa.pə.ʁje/ 		frapperaient
/fʁa.pʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present frappe
/fʁap/ 		frappes
/fʁap/ 		frappe
/fʁap/ 		frappions
/fʁa.pjɔ̃/ 		frappiez
/fʁa.pje/ 		frappent
/fʁap/
imperfect2 frappasse
/fʁa.pas/ 		frappasses
/fʁa.pas/ 		frappât
/fʁa.pa/ 		frappassions
/fʁa.pa.sjɔ̃/ 		frappassiez
/fʁa.pa.sje/ 		frappassent
/fʁa.pas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — frappe
/fʁap/ 		— frappons
/fʁa.pɔ̃/ 		frappez
/fʁa.pe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → German: frappieren
  • → Polish: frapować

Further reading

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Middle French

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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frapper

  1. to hit; to strike

Conjugation

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  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of frapper
infinitive simple frapper
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple frappant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle frappé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present frappe frappes frappe frappons frappez frappent
imperfect frappois, frappoys frappois, frappoys frappoit, frappoyt frappions, frappyons frappiez, frappyez frappoient, frappoyent
past historic frappa frappas frappa frappasmes frappastes frapperent
future frapperai, frapperay frapperas frappera frapperons frapperez frapperont
conditional frapperois, frapperoys frapperois, frapperoys frapperoit, frapperoyt frapperions, frapperyons frapperiez, frapperyez frapperoient, frapperoyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present frappe frappes frappe frappons frappez frappent
imperfect frappasse frappasses frappast frappassions frappassiez frappassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — frappe — frappons frappez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

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