Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁ed- (imperfective)^[1]

to eat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed- (41 c, 0 e)

*h₁éd-ti ~ *h₁d-énti (athematic root present)
*h₁od-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati
    - Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)
*h₁ōd-e/o- (a lengthened grade of disputed origin)^[2]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)
*h₁ēd-so-
- Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)
  - Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)
*h₁éd-tōr (“eater”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)
- Proto-Italic: *essōr
  - Latin: ēsor
*h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-
- Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston
  - Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)
*h₁éd-nom (“eaten”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam
    - Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna) (see there for further descendants)
*h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s
- Proto-Germanic: *etunaz (from thematicized *h₁ed-un-os)^[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar) (from *ἔδϝαρ (*édwar)^[4])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: *अद्वर (*advará) (from thematicized *h₁ed-wer-os)^[3]
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: व्यद्वर (vyadvará, “rodent”)
*n̥-h₁d-ti- (“having no eating”)^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *eda^[7]
  - Albanian: ha (“I eat”) (with preservation of the laryngeal?)
- Anatolian:
  - Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 644
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 209
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
^ Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 67
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) “Laryngeal developments: A survey”, in Alfred Bammesberger, editor, Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, page 78
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ha”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-1

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 644

[NIL-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 209

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

[5] Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 67

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) “Laryngeal developments: A survey”, in Alfred Bammesberger, editor, Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, page 78

[7] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ha”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-1

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