Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁édti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁ḗdti ~ *h₁édn̥ti

Etymology

Athematic root present of *h₁ed- (“to eat”).

Verb

*h₁édti (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

to eat

Inflection

Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular	*h₁édti
3rd plural	*h₁dénti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*h₁édmi	*h₁édm̥	—	*h₁édoh₂	*h₁dyéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*h₁édsi	*h₁éds	h₁éd, h₁ddʰí	*h₁édesi	*h₁dyéh₁s
3rd singular	*h₁édti	*h₁édt	*h₁édtu	*h₁édeti	*h₁dyéh₁t
1st dual	*h₁dwós	*h₁dwé	—	*h₁édowos	*h₁dih₁wé
2nd dual	*h₁dtés	*h₁dtóm	*h₁dtóm	*h₁édetes	*h₁dih₁tóm
3rd dual	*h₁dtés	*h₁dtā́m	*h₁dtā́m	*h₁édetes	*h₁dih₁tā́m
1st plural	*h₁dmós	*h₁dmé	—	*h₁édomos	*h₁dih₁mé
2nd plural	*h₁dté	*h₁dté	*h₁dté	*h₁édete	*h₁dih₁té
3rd plural	*h₁dénti	*h₁dént	*h₁déntu	*h₁édonti	*h₁dih₁ént

Participle	*h₁dónts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*h₁dh₂ér	*h₁dh₂é	—	*h₁édoh₂er	*h₁dih₁h₂é
2nd singular	*h₁dth₂ér	*h₁dth₂é	*h₁dsó	*h₁édeth₂er	*h₁dih₁th₂é
3rd singular	h₁dtór, h₁dór	h₁dtó, h₁dó	*?	*h₁édetor	h₁dih₁tó, h₁dih₁ó
1st dual	*h₁dwósdʰh₂	*h₁dwédʰh₂	—	*h₁édowosdʰh₂	*h₁dih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*h₁dmósdʰh₂	*h₁dmédʰh₂	—	*h₁édomosdʰh₂	*h₁dih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural	*h₁ddʰh₂wé	*h₁ddʰh₂wé	*h₁ddʰh₂wé	*h₁édedʰh₂we	*h₁dih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural	h₁dn̥tór, h₁drór	h₁dn̥tó, h₁dró	*?	*h₁édontor	*h₁dih₁ró

Participle	*h₁dm̥h₁nós

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian: *ʔed- ~ *ʔd-^[9] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ḗˀdtei (earlier)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ḗˀstei (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *essi (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *etaną (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *édō (thematic)
- Ancient Greek: ἔδω (édō)
  - ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἐσθίω (esthíō), ἔσθω (ésthō)
    - Greek: εσθίω (esthío) (obsolete)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hátˢti (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *edō (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*etan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “edō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 185-186
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ě̀sti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ėsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 157-158
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 113
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*h₁édmi”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 175
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ed-^zi / ad-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 309-311

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*etan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “edō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 185-186

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ě̀sti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “ėsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 157-158

[5] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[6] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 113

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375

[8] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*h₁édmi”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 175

[9] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ed-^zi / ad-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 309-311

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]