ἐσθίω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Some suggest that this form comes from the original imperative *ἔσθι (*ésthi) of ἔδω (édō), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /es.tʰí.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /esˈtʰi.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /esˈθi.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /esˈθi.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /esˈθi.o/
Verb
[edit]ἐσθίω • (esthíō)
- to eat, devour, consume
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Hermes 560
- to fret, vex
- to take in one's mouth
Inflection
[edit] Present: ἐσθῐ́ω, ἐσθῐ́ομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤσθῐον | ἤσθῐες | ἤσθῐε(ν) | ἠσθῐ́ετον | ἠσθῐέτην | ἠσθῐ́ομεν | ἠσθῐ́ετε | ἤσθῐον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠσθῐόμην | ἠσθῐ́ου | ἠσθῐ́ετο | ἠσθῐ́εσθον | ἠσθῐέσθην | ἠσθῐόμεθᾰ | ἠσθῐ́εσθε | ἠσθῐ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future: ἔδομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἔδομαι | ἔδῃ, ἔδει |
ἔδεται | ἔδεσθον | ἔδεσθον | ἐδόμεθᾰ | ἔδεσθε | ἔδονται | ||||
optative | ἐδοίμην | ἔδοιο | ἔδοιτο | ἔδοισθον | ἐδοίσθην | ἐδοίμεθᾰ | ἔδοισθε | ἔδοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἔδεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐδόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐδομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐδόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ἐδέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἐδέομαι | ἐδέῃ, ἐδέει |
ἐδέεται | ἐδέεσθον | ἐδέεσθον | ἐδεόμεθᾰ | ἐδέεσθε | ἐδέονται | ||||
optative | ἐδεοίμην | ἐδέοιο | ἐδέοιτο | ἐδέοισθον | ἐδεοίσθην | ἐδεοίμεθᾰ | ἐδέοισθε | ἐδέοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐδέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐδεόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐδεομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐδεόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future: ἐδοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἐδοῦμαι | ἐδῇ | ἐδεῖται | ἐδεῖσθον | ἐδεῖσθον | ἐδούμεθᾰ | ἐδεῖσθε | ἐδοῦνται | ||||
optative | ἐδοίμην | ἐδοῖο | ἐδοῖτο | ἐδοῖσθον | ἐδοίσθην | ἐδοίμεθᾰ | ἐδοῖσθε | ἐδοῖντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐδεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐδούμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἐδουμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐδούμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: φάγομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | φάγομαι | φάγῃ, φάγει |
φάγεται | φάγεσθον | φάγεσθον | φαγόμεθᾰ | φάγεσθε | φάγονται | ||||
optative | φαγοίμην | φάγοιο | φάγοιτο | φάγοισθον | φαγοίσθην | φαγοίμεθᾰ | φάγοισθε | φάγοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φάγεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φαγόμενος | |||||||||||
f | φαγομένη | ||||||||||||
n | φαγόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφᾰγον | ἔφᾰγες | ἔφᾰγε(ν) | ἐφᾰ́γετον | ἐφᾰγέτην | ἐφᾰ́γομεν | ἐφᾰ́γετε | ἔφᾰγον | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γω | φᾰ́γῃς | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γητον | φᾰ́γωμεν | φᾰ́γητε | φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰ́γοιμῐ | φᾰ́γοις | φᾰ́γοι | φᾰ́γοιτον | φᾰγοίτην | φᾰ́γοιμεν | φᾰ́γοιτε | φᾰ́γοιεν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́γε | φᾰγέτω | φᾰ́γετον | φᾰγέτων | φᾰ́γετε | φᾰγόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐφᾰγόμην | ἐφᾰ́γου | ἐφᾰ́γετο | ἐφᾰ́γεσθον | ἐφᾰγέσθην | ἐφᾰγόμεθᾰ | ἐφᾰ́γεσθε | ἐφᾰ́γοντο | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰ́γωμαι | φᾰ́γῃ | φᾰ́γηται | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰ́γησθον | φᾰγώμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γησθε | φᾰ́γωνται | |||||
optative | φᾰγοίμην | φᾰ́γοιο | φᾰ́γοιτο | φᾰ́γοισθον | φᾰγοίσθην | φᾰγοίμεθᾰ | φᾰ́γοισθε | φᾰ́γοιντο | |||||
imperative | φᾰγοῦ | φᾰγέσθω | φᾰ́γεσθον | φᾰγέσθων | φᾰ́γεσθε | φᾰγέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰγεῖν | φᾰγέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰγών | φᾰγόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φᾰγοῦσᾰ | φᾰγομένη | |||||||||||
n | φᾰγόν | φᾰγόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Aorist: ἐβρώθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐβρώθην | ἐβρώθης | ἐβρώθη | ἐβρώθητον | ἐβρωθήτην | ἐβρώθημεν | ἐβρώθητε | ἐβρώθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | βρωθῶ | βρωθῇς | βρωθῇ | βρωθῆτον | βρωθῆτον | βρωθῶμεν | βρωθῆτε | βρωθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βρωθείην | βρωθείης | βρωθείη | βρωθεῖτον, βρωθείητον |
βρωθείτην, βρωθειήτην |
βρωθεῖμεν, βρωθείημεν |
βρωθεῖτε, βρωθείητε |
βρωθεῖεν, βρωθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | βρώθητῐ | βρωθήτω | βρώθητον | βρωθήτων | βρώθητε | βρωθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βρωθῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βρωθείς | |||||||||||
f | βρωθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βρωθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Perfect: ἐδήδεμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδήδεμαι | ἐδήδεσαι | ἐδήδεται | ἐδήδεσθον | ἐδήδεσθον | ἐδηδέμεθᾰ | ἐδήδεσθε | ἐδήδενται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐδηδεμένος ὦ | ἐδηδεμένος ᾖς | ἐδηδεμένος ᾖ | ἐδηδεμένω ἦτον | ἐδηδεμένω ἦτον | ἐδηδεμένοι ὦμεν | ἐδηδεμένοι ἦτε | ἐδηδεμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐδηδεμένος εἴην | ἐδηδεμένος εἴης | ἐδηδεμένος εἴη | ἐδηδεμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐδηδεμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐδηδεμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐδηδεμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐδηδεμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἐδήδεσο | ἐδηδέσθω | ἐδήδεσθον | ἐδηδέσθων | ἐδήδεσθε | ἐδηδέσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐδηδέσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐδηδεμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἐδηδεμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐδηδεμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Pluperfect: ἐδηδόκειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐδηδόκειν, ἐδηδόκη |
ἐδηδόκεις, ἐδηδόκης |
ἐδηδόκει(ν) | ἐδηδόκετον | ἐδηδοκέτην | ἐδηδόκεμεν | ἐδηδόκετε | ἐδηδόκεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- ἔδεσμα (édesma)
- ἐδεστέον (edestéon)
- ἐδεστής (edestḗs)
- ἐδεστός (edestós)
- ἐδητύς (edētús)
- νῆστις (nêstis)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐσθίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
Further reading
[edit]- “ἐσθίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐσθίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐσθίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐσθίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἐσθίω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G2068 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- “ἐσθίω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011