pugno

See also: pugnó and pugnò

Catalan

Verb

pugno

1. first-person singular present indicative of pugnar

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian pugno, from Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”). Compare French poing. Related to pojno. Doublet of ponardo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpuɡno]
• Rhymes: -uɡno
• Hyphenation: pug‧no

Noun

pugno (accusative singular pugnon, plural pugnoj, accusative plural pugnojn)

1. fist

   Li kolerplene svingis al mi sian pugnon. "Nun min batalu!" li kriis.

   He angrily swung his fist at me. "Fight me already!" he cried.

Interlingua

Noun

pugno (plural pugnos)

1. fist

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/
• Rhymes: -uɲɲo
• Hyphenation: pù‧gno

Etymology 1

From Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).

Noun

pugno m (plural pugni or (archaic or literary) pugna f)

1. fist
2. punch
3. fistful, handful
4. (figurative, by extension) small quantity; handful
   • 2020 September 24, Massimo Basile, “Biden sì, ma non troppo: nel Minnesota di Floyd nessun voto è scontato [Biden yes, but not too much: in Floyd's Minnesota no vote is taken for granted]”, in la Repubblica‎^[1]:

     In realtà da decenni qui i repubblicani perdono per un pugno di voti.

     In reality, for decades Repubblicans have been losing by a handful of votes.

Derived terms

• impugnare
• pugnale
• pugnare
• pugnello
• pugno di ferro

 

Descendants

• → Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pugno

1. first-person singular present indicative of pugnare

Anagrams

• pungo

Latin

Etymology

From pugnus (“fist”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡ.noː/, [ˈpʊŋnoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲo/, [ˈpuɲːo]

Noun

pugnō m

1. dative/ablative singular of pugnus

Verb

pugnō (present infinitive pugnāre, perfect active pugnāvī, supine pugnātum); first conjugation

1. to fight, combat, battle, engage

   Synonyms: lūctor, repugnō, contendō, dēcernō, committō, concurrō, certō, bellō, dīmicō, cōnflīgō, serō, dēcertō

2. to contend, conflict, oppose, contradict
3. to endeavour, struggle, strive

   Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, appetō, temptō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, contendō, adnītor, labōrō, īnsequor, molior, perīclitor, nītor, ēnītor, spectō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pugnō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pugnō	pugnās	pugnat	pugnāmus	pugnātis	pugnant
	imperfect	pugnābam	pugnābās	pugnābat	pugnābāmus	pugnābātis	pugnābant
	future	pugnābō	pugnābis	pugnābit	pugnābimus	pugnābitis	pugnābunt
	perfect	pugnāvī	pugnāvistī, pugnāstī1	pugnāvit, pugnāt1	pugnāvimus, pugnāmus1	pugnāvistis, pugnāstis1	pugnāvērunt, pugnāvēre, pugnārunt1
	pluperfect	pugnāveram, pugnāram1	pugnāverās, pugnārās1	pugnāverat, pugnārat1	pugnāverāmus, pugnārāmus1	pugnāverātis, pugnārātis1	pugnāverant, pugnārant1
	future perfect	pugnāverō, pugnārō1	pugnāveris, pugnāris1	pugnāverit, pugnārit1	pugnāverimus, pugnārimus1	pugnāveritis, pugnāritis1	pugnāverint, pugnārint1
passive	present	pugnor	pugnāris, pugnāre	pugnātur	pugnāmur	pugnāminī	pugnantur
	imperfect	pugnābar	pugnābāris, pugnābāre	pugnābātur	pugnābāmur	pugnābāminī	pugnābantur
	future	pugnābor	pugnāberis, pugnābere	pugnābitur	pugnābimur	pugnābiminī	pugnābuntur
	perfect	pugnātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pugnātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pugnem	pugnēs	pugnet	pugnēmus	pugnētis	pugnent
imperfect	pugnārem	pugnārēs	pugnāret	pugnārēmus	pugnārētis	pugnārent
perfect	pugnāverim, pugnārim1	pugnāverīs, pugnārīs1	pugnāverit, pugnārit1	pugnāverīmus, pugnārīmus1	pugnāverītis, pugnārītis1	pugnāverint, pugnārint1
pluperfect	pugnāvissem, pugnāssem1	pugnāvissēs, pugnāssēs1	pugnāvisset, pugnāsset1	pugnāvissēmus, pugnāssēmus1	pugnāvissētis, pugnāssētis1	pugnāvissent, pugnāssent1
passive	present	pugner	pugnēris, pugnēre	pugnētur	pugnēmur	pugnēminī	pugnentur
imperfect	pugnārer	pugnārēris, pugnārēre	pugnārētur	pugnārēmur	pugnārēminī	pugnārentur
perfect	pugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	pugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pugnā	—	—	pugnāte	—
	future	—	pugnātō	pugnātō	—	pugnātōte	pugnantō
passive	present	—	pugnāre	—	—	pugnāminī	—
	future	—	pugnātor	pugnātor	—	—	pugnantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pugnāre	pugnāvisse, pugnāsse1	pugnātūrum esse	pugnārī	pugnātum esse	pugnātum īrī
participles		pugnāns	—	pugnātūrus	—	pugnātus	pugnandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pugnandī	pugnandō	pugnandum	pugnandō	pugnātum	pugnātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• appugnō
• compugnō
• dēpugnō
• expugnō
• impugnō
• oppugnō
• prōpugnō
• pugna
• pugnāculum
• pugnantia
• pugnātor
• pugnax
• pugnus
• repugnō

 

Related terms

• pugnācitās
• pugnāciter
• pugnātōrius
• pugnātrix
• pugneus
• pugnicula
• pugnitus
• pugnus

 

Descendants

• Asturian: puñar
• Catalan: punyar
• Franco-Provençal: pugnier
• Old French: puignier
  • French: pugner
• Galician: puñar, pugnar
• Italian: pugnare
• Occitan: punhar
• Spanish: puñar, pugnar
• Sardinian: punnare

See also

• pungō

References

• “pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pugno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pugno in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• pugno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be mutually contradictory: inter se pugnare or repugnare
    
  • to contradict oneself, be inconsistent: secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things)
    
  • to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
    
  • to fight on horseback: ex equo pugnare
    
  • the issue of the battle is undecided: ancipiti Marte pugnatur
    
  • to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
    
  • to fight in open order: laxatis (opp. confertis) ordinibus pugnare
    
  • to fight like lions: ferarum ritu pugnare
    
  • to fight in skirmishing order: rari dispersique pugnare (B. C. 1. 44)
    
  • (ambiguous) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
    
  • (ambiguous) to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere
    

Portuguese

Verb

pugno

1. first-person singular present indicative of pugnar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡno/ [ˈpuɣ̞.no]
• Rhymes: -uɡno
• Syllabification: pug‧no

Verb

pugno

1. first-person singular present indicative of pugnar