laboro

See also: laboró

Catalan

Verb

laboro

1. first-person singular present indicative of laborar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [laˈboro]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: la‧bo‧ro

Noun

laboro (accusative singular laboron, plural laboroj, accusative plural laborojn)

1. job, work

   Synonym: posteno

Derived terms

• labori
  • kunlabori
    • kunlaborado
    • kunlaboraĵo
  • eklabori
  • laborilo
  • laborema
    • mallaborema
• laborejo

See also

• ofico
• okupo (“occupation”)
• tasko (“task”)

Ido

Noun

laboro (plural labori)

1. work

Latin

Etymology

From labor.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /laˈboː.roː/, [ɫ̪äˈboːroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /laˈbo.ro/, [läˈbɔːro]

Verb

labōrō (present infinitive labōrāre, perfect active labōrāvī, supine labōrātum); first conjugation, third person-only in the passive

1. to toil, labor, work

   Synonyms: operor, exerceō, vertō, versō

2. to endeavor, strive

   Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, temptō, appetō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, contendō, adnītor, īnsequor, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, nītor, spectō

3. to suffer, be oppressed, be afflicted with
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.10:

     ne ab re frumentaria duris subvectionibus laboraret

     lest he should be afflicted with hard conveyances by the provisions

4. to be imperiled
5. (transitive) to produce
6. to eclipse (said of the sun or moon)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of labōrō (first conjugation, third person-only in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	labōrō		labōrās		labōrat		labōrāmus		labōrātis		labōrant
	imperfect	labōrābam		labōrābās		labōrābat		labōrābāmus		labōrābātis		labōrābant
	future	labōrābō		labōrābis		labōrābit		labōrābimus		labōrābitis		labōrābunt
	perfect	labōrāvī		labōrāvistī, labōrāstī1		labōrāvit, labōrāt1		labōrāvimus, labōrāmus1		labōrāvistis, labōrāstis1		labōrāvēre, labōrāvērunt, labōrārunt1
	pluperfect	labōrāveram, labōrāram1		labōrāverās, labōrārās1		labōrāverat, labōrārat1		labōrāverāmus, labōrārāmus1		labōrāverātis, labōrārātis1		labōrāverant, labōrārant1
	future perfect	labōrāverō, labōrārō1		labōrāveris, labōrāris1		labōrāverit, labōrārit1		labōrāverimus, labōrārimus1		labōrāveritis, labōrāritis1		labōrāverint, labōrārint1
passive	present	—		—		labōrātur		—		—		labōrantur
	imperfect	—		—		labōrābātur		—		—		labōrābantur
	future	—		—		labōrābitur		—		—		labōrābuntur
	perfect	—		—		labōrātum est		—		—		labōrāta sunt
	pluperfect	—		—		labōrātum erat		—		—		labōrāta erant
	future perfect	—		—		labōrātum erit		—		—		labōrāta erint
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	labōrem		labōrēs		labōret		labōrēmus		labōrētis		labōrent
	imperfect	labōrārem		labōrārēs		labōrāret		labōrārēmus		labōrārētis		labōrārent
	perfect	labōrāverim, labōrārim1		labōrāverīs, labōrārīs1		labōrāverit, labōrārit1		labōrāverīmus, labōrārīmus1		labōrāverītis, labōrārītis1		labōrāverint, labōrārint1
	pluperfect	labōrāvissem, labōrāssem1		labōrāvissēs, labōrāssēs1		labōrāvisset, labōrāsset1		labōrāvissēmus, labōrāssēmus1		labōrāvissētis, labōrāssētis1		labōrāvissent, labōrāssent1
passive	present	—		—		labōrētur		—		—		labōrentur
	imperfect	—		—		labōrārētur		—		—		labōrārentur
	perfect	—		—		labōrātum sit		—		—		labōrāta sint
	pluperfect	—		—		labōrātum esset		—		—		labōrāta essent
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		labōrā		—		—		labōrāte		—
	future	—		labōrātō		labōrātō		—		labōrātōte		labōrantō
passive	future	—		—		labōrātor		—		—		labōrantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		labōrāre			labōrārī			labōrāns			—
future		labōrātūrum esse			labōrātum īrī			labōrātūrus			labōrandum
perfect		labōrāvisse, labōrāsse1			labōrātum esse			—			labōrātum
future perfect		—			labōrātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		labōrātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		labōrandī		labōrandō		labōrandum		labōrandō		labōrātum		labōrātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• collabōrō
• ēlabōrō
• labōrātor

Related terms

• labor
• labōriōsus

Descendants

• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Dalmatian: lavorar
  • Istriot: lavurà
  • Italian: lavorare
  • Neapolitan: laurà, laborà (“plough”)
  • Sicilian: lavurari (“to plough”)
  • Tuscan and Central Italian: lavorà, laorà (“plough, work”)
  • Venetan: łavorar, łaorar, laorar, lavorar
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: lavorâ
  • Romansch: lavurar, luvrar (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: laurar, →? lavorar
  • Lombard: laurà
  • Piedmontese: lauré (“plough”)
• Gallo-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
  • Old Catalan: laurar
    • Catalan: llaurar
  • Old Occitan: laorar
    • Occitan: laurar, laborar, lavorar

      Septentrional Lengadocian: llaurar

• Ibero-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
  • Aragonese: labrar

    Ribagorçan: llaurar, llabrar

  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: llabrar
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: lavrar
    • Galician: labrar
    • Portuguese: lavrar
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: labrar
• Borrowings:
  • → Albanian: lëroj
  • → Asturian: llaborar
  • → Catalan: laborar
  • → Galician: laborar
  • → Old French: laborer
    • Middle French: labourer
      • French: labourer
    • Norman: labouother
    • → Middle English: labouren
      • English: labour, labor (US)
      • Scots: laubour
  • → Portuguese: laborar
  • → Spanish: laborar

References

• “laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• laboro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be tormented by hunger, to be starving: fame laborare, premi
    
  • to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
    
  • to suffer from want of a thing: inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi
    
  • to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere
    
  • to work without intermission: laborem non intermittere
    
  • to lose one's labour: inanem laborem suscipere
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
    
  • to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
    
  • (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
    
  • (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
    

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laˈboɾo/ [laˈβ̞o.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -oɾo
• Syllabification: la‧bo‧ro

Verb

laboro

1. first-person singular present indicative of laborar