labourer
Appearance
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labourer (plural labourers)
- British standard spelling of laborer.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French labourer, from Old French laborer, borrowed from Latin labōrāre. Replaced the Old French arer (“to plough”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]labourer
- (transitive) to plough
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of labourer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | labourer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | labourant /la.bu.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | labouré /la.bu.ʁe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | laboure /la.buʁ/ |
laboures /la.buʁ/ |
laboure /la.buʁ/ |
labourons /la.bu.ʁɔ̃/ |
labourez /la.bu.ʁe/ |
labourent /la.buʁ/ |
imperfect | labourais /la.bu.ʁɛ/ |
labourais /la.bu.ʁɛ/ |
labourait /la.bu.ʁɛ/ |
labourions /la.bu.ʁjɔ̃/ |
labouriez /la.bu.ʁje/ |
labouraient /la.bu.ʁɛ/ | |
past historic2 | labourai /la.bu.ʁe/ |
labouras /la.bu.ʁa/ |
laboura /la.bu.ʁa/ |
labourâmes /la.bu.ʁam/ |
labourâtes /la.bu.ʁat/ |
labourèrent /la.bu.ʁɛʁ/ | |
future | labourerai /la.bu.ʁə.ʁe/ |
laboureras /la.bu.ʁə.ʁa/ |
labourera /la.bu.ʁə.ʁa/ |
labourerons /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
labourerez /la.bu.ʁə.ʁe/ |
laboureront /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | labourerais /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
labourerais /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
labourerait /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
labourerions /la.bu.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
laboureriez /la.bu.ʁə.ʁje/ |
laboureraient /la.bu.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | laboure /la.buʁ/ |
laboures /la.buʁ/ |
laboure /la.buʁ/ |
labourions /la.bu.ʁjɔ̃/ |
labouriez /la.bu.ʁje/ |
labourent /la.buʁ/ |
imperfect2 | labourasse /la.bu.ʁas/ |
labourasses /la.bu.ʁas/ |
labourât /la.bu.ʁa/ |
labourassions /la.bu.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
labourassiez /la.bu.ʁa.sje/ |
labourassent /la.bu.ʁas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | laboure /la.buʁ/ |
— | labourons /la.bu.ʁɔ̃/ |
labourez /la.bu.ʁe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “labourer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French laborer.
Verb
[edit]labourer
- to work (to do work); to labor
- to manufacture; to make (in a work context)
- 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 5–6:
- Et si labourent draps d'or et de soie et de toutes façons trés beaux.
- And they manufacture cloths of gold and of silk which are in all ways very beautiful.
Descendants
[edit]- French: labourer
References
[edit]- labourer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
Categories:
- English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- British English
- English terms with quotations
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French terms with quotations