labor
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- labour (non-American spelling)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor (countable and uncountable, plural labors)
Derived terms
[edit]- affective labor
- anti-labor
- back labor
- belabor
- big labor
- bonded labor
- child labor
- day labor
- division of labor
- emotional labor
- forced labor
- ghost labor
- hard labor
- introversive labor
- labor action
- labor camp
- Labor Day
- laborer
- labor exchange
- labor force
- labor-intensive
- labor-intensiveness
- laborization
- labor law
- labor market
- labor of love
- labor pain
- labor power
- labor relations
- labor-saving
- labor share
- labor theory of value
- labor the point
- labor union
- labor value theory
- labor-value theory
- manual labor
- means of labor
- micro-labor
- prison labor
- sexual division of labor
- slave labor
- stoop labor
- subject of labor
- touch labor
- wage labor
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]labor (third-person singular simple present labors, present participle laboring, simple past and past participle labored)
Anagrams
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor m (plural labors)
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor (genitive labori, partitive laborit)
- lab, laboratorium
- Synonym: laboratoorium
Declension
[edit]Declension of labor (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | labor | laborid | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | labori | ||
genitive | laborite | ||
partitive | laborit | laboreid | |
illative | laborisse | laboritesse laboreisse | |
inessive | laboris | laborites laboreis | |
elative | laborist | laboritest laboreist | |
allative | laborile | laboritele laboreile | |
adessive | laboril | laboritel laboreil | |
ablative | laborilt | laboritelt laboreilt | |
translative | laboriks | laboriteks laboreiks | |
terminative | laborini | laboriteni | |
essive | laborina | laboritena | |
abessive | laborita | laboriteta | |
comitative | laboriga | laboritega |
References
[edit]- labor in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
- “labor”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Labor.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor (plural laborok)
- (informal) lab, laboratory
- Synonym: laboratórium
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | labor | laborok |
accusative | labort | laborokat |
dative | labornak | laboroknak |
instrumental | laborral | laborokkal |
causal-final | laborért | laborokért |
translative | laborrá | laborokká |
terminative | laborig | laborokig |
essive-formal | laborként | laborokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | laborban | laborokban |
superessive | laboron | laborokon |
adessive | labornál | laboroknál |
illative | laborba | laborokba |
sublative | laborra | laborokra |
allative | laborhoz | laborokhoz |
elative | laborból | laborokból |
delative | laborról | laborokról |
ablative | labortól | laboroktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
laboré | laboroké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
laboréi | laborokéi |
Possessive forms of labor | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | laborom | laborjaim |
2nd person sing. | laborod | laborjaid |
3rd person sing. | laborja | laborjai |
1st person plural | laborunk | laborjaink |
2nd person plural | laborotok | laborjaitok |
3rd person plural | laborjuk | laborjaik |
References
[edit]- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Latin
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *leb- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”)[1] (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative.[2] The semantic connection is weak in either case.
Prósper (2019, 27 (483)) suggests a possible root *dh̥₂bʰ-ōs, cognate with Lithuanian dobti (“to strike, beat, kill, (dial.) torment, exhaust”). See source for more.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äbɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Noun
[edit]labor m (genitive labōris); third declension
- work
- labor, toil, exertion
- (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:
- Labore operis incitati
- Incited by the fatigue of the work
- Labore operis incitati
- illness
- Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
- Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
- the pain accompanying childbirth, labor
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | labor | labōrēs |
genitive | labōris | labōrum |
dative | labōrī | labōribus |
accusative | labōrem | labōrēs |
ablative | labōre | labōribus |
vocative | labor | labōrēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈlaː.bor/, [ˈɫ̪äːbɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.bor/, [ˈläːbor]
Verb
[edit]lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent
- to slip, slide, glide
- to fall, sink down
- to slip, stumble
- to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape
- Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
- to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault
Conjugation
[edit]This verb takes the future passive participle lābundus instead of *lābendus.
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | lābor | lāberis, lābere |
lābitur | lābimur | lābiminī | lābuntur |
imperfect | lābēbar | lābēbāris, lābēbāre |
lābēbātur | lābēbāmur | lābēbāminī | lābēbantur | |
future | lābar | lābēris, lābēre |
lābētur | lābēmur | lābēminī | lābentur | |
perfect | lāpsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | lāpsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | lābar | lābāris, lābāre |
lābātur | lābāmur | lābāminī | lābantur |
imperfect | lāberer | lāberēris, lāberēre |
lāberētur | lāberēmur | lāberēminī | lāberentur | |
perfect | lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | lābere | — | — | lābiminī | — |
future | — | lābitor | lābitor | — | — | lābuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | lābī | lāpsum esse | lāpsūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | lābēns | lāpsus | lāpsūrus | — | — | lābendus, lābundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
lābendī | lābendō | lābendum | lābendō | lāpsum | lāpsū |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- English: lapse
References
[edit]- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- labor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
- to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
- not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
- to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4)
- capable of exertion: patiens laboris
- lazy: fugiens laboris
- to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
- to make a slip of the memory: memoriā labi
- to make a mistake in writing: labi in scribendo
- immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
- (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
- (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
- to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
- labor in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
References
[edit]- ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “labor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319-20
Anagrams
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]labor m (plural labores)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “labor”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “labor”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]labor f (plural labores)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “labor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/eɪbə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/eɪbə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- American English
- English verbs
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Estonian clippings
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɑbor
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɑbor/2 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian õpik-type nominals
- Hungarian terms borrowed from German
- Hungarian terms derived from German
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian informal terms
- Latin terms derived from Old Latin
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin poetic terms
- Latin verbs
- Latin third conjugation verbs
- Latin third conjugation deponent verbs
- Latin deponent verbs
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/oɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/oɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns