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malum

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology 1

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From Latin malum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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malum (plural malums)

  1. (formal) An evil or wrongdoing.
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References

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Etymology 2

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Related to Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim, “teacher”).

Noun

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malum (plural malums)

  1. (India, nautical, historical) The mate serving on a ship with English officers and native crew.
Alternative forms
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References

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Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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From malus (“evil, wicked”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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malum

  1. inflection of malus:
    1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
    2. accusative masculine singular

Noun

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malum n (genitive malī); second declension

  2. evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief
    Synonyms: plāga, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, cruciātus, miseria, vulnus, nūbēs, pestis
  3. punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery
    Synonyms: cruciātus, pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, supplicium, vindicātiō, vindicta, animadversus, exemplum, sānctiō, pretium, noxa
    • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.40:
      nūbila sunt subitīs tempora nostra malīs
      my days are clouded by sudden miseries
  4. disease, illness, infirmity
    Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, pestis, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum
    Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
  5. wrong-doing
    Synonyms: culpa, dēlictum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, facinus, iniūria, error, dēlinquentia, maleficium
    Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs
  6. (in the plural) bad words
Declension
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Second-declension noun (neuter).

singular plural
nominative malum mala
genitive malī malōrum
dative malō malīs
accusative malum mala
ablative malō malīs
vocative malum mala
Descendants
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  • French: mal
  • Italian: malo
  • Spanish: malo
  • → English: malum

Interjection

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malum

  1. damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery!
    • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 2.3.389.390:
      Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo.
      Sosicles: Quoi, malum, parasito? Certo haec mulier non sana est satis.
      Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite."
      "For whom? Fuck, parasite? Surely this woman isn't quite right in her senses.
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Etymology 2

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māla rubra (red apples)

    Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European form regularly gives both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European substratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension

    2. apple (fruit)
    3. any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc.
    4. the plant Aristolochia
    Declension
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    Second-declension noun (neuter).

    singular plural
    nominative mālum māla
    genitive mālī mālōrum
    dative mālō mālīs
    accusative mālum māla
    ablative mālō mālīs
    vocative mālum māla
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    References

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    • “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • malum in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
    • "malum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • malum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
      • (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
      • (ambiguous) to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
      • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
      • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
      • (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui
      • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
      • (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animus praesāgit malum
      • (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animo praesagio malum
      • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
      • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: animus male sibi conscius
      • (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
      • (ambiguous) a moral (immoral) man: homo bene (male) moratus
      • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
      • (ambiguous) to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a)
      • (ambiguous) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
      • (ambiguous) to buy dearly: magno or male emere
      • (ambiguous) to win, lose a fight (of the commander): rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...)
      • (ambiguous) I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)

    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    From Ottoman Turkish معلوم (ma'lum), from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /maː.ˈlum/
    • Hyphenation: ma‧lum
    This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

    Adjective

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    malum

    1. known, certain
    2. (algebra, obsolete) known
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    Adverb

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    malum

    1. as you know

    Noun

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    malum (definite accusative malumu, plural malumlar)

    1. (grammar, obsolete) active voice

    Antonyms

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    References

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