punishment

English

Etymology

From Middle English punishement, from Old French punissement, from punir (“to punish”). Equivalent to punish +‎ -ment. Displaced native Old English wīte.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pun‧ish‧ment

Noun

punishment (countable and uncountable, plural punishments)

1. The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction.

   The naughty children were given a punishment by their teachers.

2. A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime.

   a light punishment

   a harsh punishment

3. A suffering by pain or loss imposed as retribution.
4. (figuratively) Any harsh treatment or experience; rough handling.

   a vehicle that can take a lot of punishment

Synonyms

• beating
• castigation
• punition

 

Antonyms

• reward

Hyponyms

• corporal punishment
• mirror punishment
• retribution

 

Derived terms

• antipunishment
• brute for punishment
• capital punishment
• collective punishment
• counterpunishment
• funishment
• glutton for punishment
• group punishment
• nonpunishment
• overpunishment
• petticoat punishment
• punishmental
• self-punishment
• sucker for punishment
• unpunishment
• vicarious punishment

 

Related terms

• impunity
• punishable
• punisher
• punishing
• punitive
• punitory

 

Translations

act of punishing

• Afrikaans: straf (af)
• Albanian: dënim (sq) m, ndëshkim (sq) m
• Arabic: عِقَاب (ar) m (ʕiqāb), جَزَاء m (jazāʔ), مُجَازَاة f (mujāzāh)
• Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž), պատժում (hy) (patžum)

  Old Armenian: պատիժ (patiž), պատուհաս (patuhas)

• Asturian: castigu m
• Azerbaijani: cəza (az)
• Bashkir: яза (yaza)
• Belarusian: пакара́нне n (pakaránnje), ка́ра f (kára)
• Bengali: সাজা (bn) (śaja), দণ্ড (bn) (donḍo)
• Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie)
• Burmese: ဒဏ် (my) (dan), အပြစ် (my) (a.prac)
• Catalan: punició f, puniment m
• Cebuano: kastigo
• Cherokee: ᎤᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ (udasdvdisdi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 懲罰 / 惩罚 (zh) (chéngfá), 刑罰 / 刑罚 (zh) (xíngfá)

• Cornish: kessydhyans
• Czech: trest (cs) m
• Danish: straf c
• Dutch: bestraffing (nl) f, straf (nl) f
• Esperanto: puno
• Estonian: karistus (et)
• Faroese: revsing f
• Finnish: rankaiseminen, rankaisu (fi)
• French: punition (fr) f, châtiment (fr) m
• Galician: castigo (gl) m, punición (gl) f
• Georgian: დასჯა (dasǯa)
• German: Strafe (de) f, Bestrafung (de) f
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄 n (andabeit)
• Greek: τιμωρία (el) (timoría)

  Ancient: τιμωρία f (timōría)

• Hebrew: עונש \ עֹנֶשׁ (he) m (ónesh), עֲנִישָׁה (he) f (anishá)
• Hindi: सज़ा f (sazā), दण्ड (hi) m (daṇḍ)
• Hungarian: büntetés (hu)
• Icelandic: refsing (is) f
• Indonesian: hukuman (id)
• Italian: punizione (it) f, pena (it) f, castigo (it) m
• Japanese: 罰 (ja) (ばつ, batsu), 懲罰 (ja) (ちょうばつ, chōbatsu), 処罰 (ja) (しょばつ, shobatsu), 刑罰 (ja) (けいばつ, keibatsu)
• Kazakh: жаза (kk) (jaza)
• Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (km) (tŏən), ទណ្ឌកម្ម (km) (tŏəndĕəʼ kam), ទណ្ឌកិច្ច (tŏəndĕəʼ kəc)
• Korean: 처벌(處罰) (ko) (cheobeol), 벌(罰) (ko) (beol), 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol), 징벌(懲罰) (ko) (jingbeol)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ceza (ku)

• Kyrgyz: жаза (ky) (jaza)
• Lao: ໂທດ (thōt), ທັນ (than)
• Latin: supplicium n, poena f
• Latvian: sods m, sodīšana f
• Lithuanian: bausmė f
• Luxembourgish: Strof (lb) f
• Macedonian: казна f (kazna), казнување n (kaznuvanje)
• Malay: hukuman (ms), seksa (ms), dera
• Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: шийтгэл (mn) (šiitgel)

• Norman: peunnition f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: straff (no) m

• Occitan: puniment m
• Old English: wīte n
• Ottoman Turkish: جزا (ceza)
• Pashto: جزاء f (jazā), ايداد m (idad), مجازات m pl (majāzāt)
• Persian: تنبیه (fa) (tanbih), جزا (fa) (jazâ), مجازات (fa) (mojâzât)
• Polish: karanie (pl) n, kara (pl) f
• Portuguese: punição (pt) f
• Quechua: wanay
• Romanian: pedepsire (ro) f, pedeapsă (ro) f
• Russian: наказа́ние (ru) n (nakazánije), ка́ра (ru) f (kára)
• Sanskrit: दण्ड (sa) m (daṇḍa), दम (sa) m (dama), निग्रह (sa) m (nigraha)
• Scottish Gaelic: peanasachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ка̏зна f

  Roman: kȁzna (sh) f

• Slovak: trest m
• Slovene: kazen (sl) n
• Spanish: castigo (es) m
• Swedish: straff (sv) n
• Tagalog: kastigo
• Tajik: ҷазо (jazo), сазо (sazo), муҷозот (mujozot)
• Tamil: தண்டம் (ta) (taṇṭam), தண்டனம் (taṇṭaṉam)
• Tatar: җәза (tt) (cäza)
• Thai: โทษ (th) (tôot), ทัณฑ์ (th) (tan)
• Turkish: ceza (tr)
• Turkmen: jeza (tk)
• Ukrainian: покара́ння n (pokaránnja), ка́ра f (kára)
• Urdu: سَزا f (sazā), دَنْڈ m (danḍ)
• Uyghur: جازا (jaza)
• Uzbek: jazo (uz)
• Vietnamese: hình phạt (vi), trừng trị (vi), sự phạt (vi)
• Yiddish: שטראָף m (shtrof)
• Zazaki: ceza (diq)

penalty for wrongdoing

• Afrikaans: straf (af)
• Arabic: عُقُوبَة f (ʕuqūba)
• Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž)

  Old Armenian: պատիժ (patiž), պատուհաս (patuhas)

• Asturian: castigu m
• Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie)
• Catalan: càstig (ca) m
• Cherokee: ᎤᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ (udasdvdisdi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 刑罰 / 刑罚 (zh) (xíngfá)

• Czech: trest (cs) m
• Danish: straf c
• Dutch: straf (nl) m or f
• Esperanto: puno
• Finnish: rangaistus (fi)
• French: punition (fr) f
• Galician: castigo (gl) m
• Georgian: სასჯელი (ka) (sasǯeli)
• German: Bestrafung (de) f
• Greek: τιμωρία (el) (timoría), ποινή (el) (poiní)

  Ancient: τιμωρία f (timōría), κόλασις f (kólasis)

• Hebrew: עונש (he) m (ónesh)
• Hindi: दण्ड (hi) m (daṇḍ), सज़ा f (sazā)
• Hungarian: büntetés (hu)
• Ingrian: rangaissos
• Irish: pionós (ga) m
• Japanese: 罰 (ja) (ばつ, batsu), 刑罰 (ja) (けいばつ, keibatsu), 処罰 (ja) (しょばつ, shobatsu)
• Kikuyu: ihera class 5
• Latin: pūnītiō f
• Latvian: sods m
• Luxembourgish: Strof (lb) f, Bestrofung f
• Macedonian: казна f (kazna)
• Malay: azab
• Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
• Norman: peunnition f
• Old English: wīte n
• Ottoman Turkish: جزا (ceza)
• Persian: مجازات (fa) (mojâzât), جزا (fa) (jazâ), کیفر (fa) (keyfar), تاوان (fa) (tâvân)
• Plautdietsch: Strof f
• Polish: kara (pl) f, kaźń (pl) f (death penalty execution)
• Portuguese: castigo (pt) m, punição (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਡੰਡ m (ḍaṇḍ)
• Romanian: pedeapsă (ro) f
• Russian: наказа́ние (ru) n (nakazánije)
• Scottish Gaelic: peanas m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ка̏зна f

  Roman: kȁzna (sh) f

• Spanish: castigo (es) m
• Swedish: straff (sv) n
• Welsh: cosb (cy) f

suffering imposed as retribution

• Arabic: عِقَاب (ar) m (ʕiqāb)
• Catalan: punició f, puniment m
• Dutch: afstraffing (nl) f, boetedoening (nl) f, vergelding (nl) f, boete (nl) m or f
• Finnish: rangaistus (fi)
• French: punition (fr) f, châtiment (fr) m
• Macedonian: казна f (kazna)
• Malay: azab
• Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
• Ngazidja Comorian: âdhaɓu class 9/10
• Norman: peunnition f
• Persian: مجازات (fa) (mojâzât), کیفر (fa) (keyfar), کیفر (fa) (keyfar), تنبیه (fa) (tanbih)
• Romanian: penalizare (ro), pedeapsă (ro) f
• Scottish Gaelic: peanas m
• Spanish: penitencia (es) f

harsh treatment or experience

• Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž), պատուհաս (hy) (patuhas)
• Catalan: punició f, puniment m
• Danish: afstraffelse (da) c
• Dutch: afstraffing (nl) f, beproeving (nl) f, vergelding (nl) f
• Finnish: kurittaminen (fi)
• French: punition (fr) f
• Norman: peunnition f
• Persian: بلا (fa) (balâ)
• Polish: wycisk m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} punizione (it) f
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} ceza (ku) m, ^{(please verify)} siza (ku) m

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} punitio f
• Romanian: ^{(please verify)} pedeapsă (ro) f
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} castigo (es) m, ^{(please verify)} penitencia (es) f
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} శిక్ష (te) (śikṣa), ^{(please verify)} దండన (te) (daṇḍana)

See also

• telishment

Anagrams

• unshipment