penalty

See also: pénalty

English

Alternative forms

• pœnalty (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle French pénalité, from pénal, from Latin poenālis, from poena, borrowing of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ), from Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂, comprising *kʷey- + *-néh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛnəlti/
• (India, spelling pronunciation) IPA^(key): /peˈnælti/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pen‧al‧ty

Noun

penalty (plural penalties)

1. A legal sentence.

   The penalty for his crime was to do hard labor.

2. A punishment for violating rules of procedure.
   • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:

     Was it so irreconcilable, Warwick wondered, as still to peal out the curfew bell, which at nine o'clock at night had clamorously warned all negroes, slave or free, that it was unlawful for them to be abroad after that hour, under penalty of imprisonment or whipping?

3. (finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.
4. In sports
   1. (soccer) A direct free kick from the penalty spot, taken after a defensive foul in the penalty box; a penalty kick.
   2. (ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

      A penalty was called when he tripped up his opponent.

5. A disadvantageous consequence of a previous event.
   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 126:

     "But you, my noble, my generous girl!" exclaimed Lord Avonleigh, "I dare not let you pay the penalty of my former folly."

Synonyms

• punition
• punishment
• sentence

Derived terms

• death penalty
• drive-through penalty
• face mask penalty
• fixed penalty notice
• loyalty penalty
• minor penalty
• pay the penalty
• penalty arc
• penalty area
• penalty box
• penalty card
• penalty copy
• penalty corner
• penalty envelope
• penalty function
• penalty goal
• penalty kick
• penalty kill
• penalty mark
• penalty phase
• penalty point
• penalty rate
• penalty shoot-out
• penalty shootout
• penalty shot
• penalty spot
• penalty throw
• penalty try
• penalty turn
• penalty unit
• point penalty
• prepayment penalty
• stop-and-go penalty

 

Related terms

• penal
• penality (rare)
• penalize

Descendants

• → Gulf Arabic: بلنتي (balanti)
• → Portuguese: pênalti, penálti
• → Spanish: penalti
• → Swahili: penalti

Translations

legal sentence

• Armenian: պատիժ (hy) (patiž)
• Azerbaijani: cəza (az)
• Belarusian: пакара́нне n (pakaránnje), ка́ра f (kára)
• Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie), са́нкция (bg) f (sánkcija)
• Cornish: spal m
• Danish: straf c
• Dutch: straf (nl) f
• Finnish: rangaistus (fi)
• French: penalisation f
• German: Strafe (de) f
• Greek: κύρωση (el) f (kýrosi), ποινή (el) f (poiní), τιμωρία (el) f (timoría)
• Hungarian: büntetés (hu)
• Icelandic: hegning (is) f
• Irish: pionós (ga) m
• Japanese: 刑 (ja) (けい, kei), 刑罰 (ja) (けいばつ, keibatsu)
• Korean: 처벌(處罰) (ko) (cheobeol), 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol)
• Latgalian: struope f
• Latin: multa (la) f
• Latvian: sods m
• Lithuanian: bausmė f
• Macedonian: ка́зна f (kázna)
• Malay: hukuman (ms)
• Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: straff (no) m

  Nynorsk: straff f

• Polish: kara (pl) f
• Portuguese: pena (pt) f
• Romanian: penalizare (ro) f, pedeapsă (ro) f
• Russian: наказа́ние (ru) n (nakazánije), взыска́ние (ru) n (vzyskánije), штраф (ru) m (štraf)
• Scottish Gaelic: peanas m
• Spanish: pena (es) f
• Swedish: straff (sv) n
• Tagalog: parusa (tl)
• Ukrainian: покара́ння n (pokaránnja), ка́ра f (kára)
• Walloon: poenne (wa) f, poenålté f
• Welsh: cosb (cy) f

punishment for violating rules of procedure

• Arabic: جَزَاء m (jazāʔ)
• Armenian: տուգանք (hy) (tugankʻ)
• Belarusian: штраф m (štraf)
• Bulgarian: гло́ба (bg) f (glóba)
• Catalan: càstig (ca) m
• Cebuano: silot
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 懲罰 / 惩罚 (zh) (chéngfá)

• Cornish: spal m
• Dutch: straf (nl) f
• Finnish: rangaistus (fi)
• French: peine (fr) f
• German: Strafe (de) f
• Greek: αντίτιμο (el) n (antítimo), τιμωρία (el) f (timoría)
• Hindi: दण्ड (hi) m (daṇḍ), सज़ा f (sazā)
• Hungarian: büntetés (hu), bírság (hu)
• Icelandic: hegning (is) f
• Irish: pionós (ga) m
• Italian: penalità f
• Japanese: 罰 (ja) (ばつ, batsu), 懲らしめ (ja) (こらしめ, korasime), 懲罰 (ja) (ちょうばつ, chōbatsu), 仕置き (ja) (しおき, shioki)
• Kikuyu: ihera class 5
• Korean: 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol), 징벌(懲罰) (ko) (jingbeol)
• Macedonian: ка́зна f (kázna), гло́ба f (glóba)
• Malayalam: ശിക്ഷ (ml) (śikṣa)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: straff (no) m

  Nynorsk: straff f

• Ottoman Turkish: جزا (ceza)
• Plautdietsch: Strof f
• Polish: kara (pl) f
• Portuguese: penalidade (pt) f
• Romanian: pedeapsă (ro) f
• Russian: штраф (ru) m (štraf)
• Scottish Gaelic: peanas m
• Spanish: castigo (es) m
• Swahili: penalti, faini (sw)
• Swedish: straff (sv) n
• Tagalog: bayad-sala, parusa (tl)
• Ukrainian: штраф m (štraf)
• Vietnamese: trừng phạt (vi)
• Welsh: cosb (cy) f

finance: payment for early withdrawal

• Finnish: korvaus (fi)
• Malayalam: പിഴ (ml) (piḻa)

penalty kick — see penalty kick

punishment in ice hockey

• Bulgarian: наказа́ние (bg) n (nakazánie)
• Esperanto: penalo
• Finnish: rangaistus (fi), jäähy (fi)
• Irish: pionós (ga) m
• Macedonian: пена́л m (penál)
• Russian: булли́т (ru) m (bullít), штрафно́й бросо́к m (štrafnój brosók)
• Swedish: utvisning (sv) c

See also

• free kick

Anagrams

• a-plenty, aplenty, netplay

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pe‧nal‧ty

Noun

penalty m (plural penalty's, diminutive penalty'tje n)

1. (soccer) penalty kick

   Synonym: strafschop

French

Alternative forms

• pénalty (post-1990 spelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from English penalty, itself a borrowing from French pénalité (thus a reborrowing). Doublet of pénalité.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe.nal.ti/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

penalty m (plural penaltys or penalties)

1. (sports) penalty, penalty kick

Further reading

• “penalty”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Romanian

Alternative forms

• penalti

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French penalty or English penalty.

Noun

penalty n (plural penalty-uri)

1. (soccer, sports) penalty

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	penalty	penalty-ul		penalty-uri	penalty-urile
genitive-dative	penalty	penalty-ului		penalty-uri	penalty-urilor
vocative	penalty-ule			penalty-urilor