cruciatus
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perfect passive participle of cruciō.
Participle
[edit]cruciātus (feminine cruciāta, neuter cruciātum); first/second-declension participle
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | cruciātus | cruciāta | cruciātum | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciāta | |
| genitive | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciātī | cruciātōrum | cruciātārum | cruciātōrum | |
| dative | cruciātō | cruciātae | cruciātō | cruciātīs | |||
| accusative | cruciātum | cruciātam | cruciātum | cruciātōs | cruciātās | cruciāta | |
| ablative | cruciātō | cruciātā | cruciātō | cruciātīs | |||
| vocative | cruciāte | cruciāta | cruciātum | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciāta | |
Noun
[edit]
cruciātus m (genitive cruciātūs); fourth declension
- torture (or the instruments of torture)
- Synonyms: exemplum, supplicium
- torment, suffering
- ruin, calamity, misfortune
- a crusader [from 13th century]
Usage notes
[edit]The adjective cruciātus had been used in the sense of "marked with a cross" from the 12th century; as a noun, cruciātus (often spelled with x in Middle Latin, cruxatus, croxatus, etc., also crucesignatus) was used of crusaders by the mid 13th century, from their practice of attaching a cloth cross symbol to their clothing.
Declension
[edit]Fourth-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | cruciātus | cruciātūs |
| genitive | cruciātūs | cruciātuum |
| dative | cruciātuī | cruciātibus |
| accusative | cruciātum | cruciātūs |
| ablative | cruciātū | cruciātibus |
| vocative | cruciātus | cruciātūs |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cruciatus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- cruciatus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch vol. 2 (1999), s.v. "cruciatus"
- Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, éd. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 629a, s.v. "Cruciatæ"