studeo

Latin

Alternative forms

• studio

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *studēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Related to tundō (“to beat, strike”), English stub; compare also Scots stap (“to strike, to insert forcibly”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈstu.de.oː/, [ˈs̠t̪ʊd̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈstu.de.o/, [ˈst̪uːd̪eo]

Verb

studeō (present infinitive studēre, perfect active studuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

1. (with dative) to dedicate oneself (to), direct one's efforts or attention (to), strive after, be devoted to

   Synonyms: lūctor, dēdō, certō, ēlabōrō, cōnītor, cōnor, ēnītor, appetō, affectō, tendō, temptō, quaerō, contendō, adnītor, īnsequor, labōrō, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, nītor, spectō, serviō

   agriculturae studeo ― I dedicate myself to agriculture

   sacrificiis studeo ― I dedicate myself to sacrifices

   • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 92:

     Nīl nimium studeō, Caesar, tibi velle placēre,
         nec scīre utrum sīs albus an āter homō.

     I do not strive too much, Caesar, to want to please you,
         nor to know whether you are a white or black human.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28:

     Nec fuit quisquam, qui praedae studeret

     There was not anyone who was striving for the plunder

2. to aspire to, tend to, desire, look for

   Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, cupiō, quaerō, aveō, concupiō, petō, expetō, indigeō, circumspiciō, sitiō, spectō, voveō, appetō, intendō

   Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō

3. (with dative) to be attached or favorable to, favor, support, side with

   alicui studere ― to side with someone

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.20:

     Cui rei propter animi mollitiem studere omnes videret

     to which he perceived that all were inclined owing to their want of energy

4. (especially Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to study, to apply oneself to learning
   • 61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae :

     Studēs an piscāris?

     Are you studying or fishing?

5. (Medieval Latin) to care, to think

   Synonyms: cōnsulō, cūrō, cōnsultō, colō, respiciō

   • [1678, du Cange, Glossarium mediæ et infimæ latinitatis, volume 3, column 977:

     STUDERE, Studiare : Curare, Gall. Penser. Gregorius Turon. lib. 6. Hist. c. 32.

     Glossary of middle and low Latin]

Usage notes

When used with a dative, studeō means to have a taste or inclination for a person or thing, to keep close to it.

The verb studeō used with an accusative means to search earnestly for a thing, to desire and covet it.

Conjugation

Conjugation of studeō (second conjugation, no supine stem, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	studeō	studēs	studet	studēmus	studētis	student
	imperfect	studēbam	studēbās	studēbat	studēbāmus	studēbātis	studēbant
	future	studēbō	studēbis	studēbit	studēbimus	studēbitis	studēbunt
	perfect	studuī	studuistī	studuit	studuimus	studuistis	studuērunt, studuēre
	pluperfect	studueram	studuerās	studuerat	studuerāmus	studuerātis	studuerant
	future perfect	studuerō	studueris	studuerit	studuerimus	studueritis	studuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	studeam	studeās	studeat	studeāmus	studeātis	studeant
	imperfect	studērem	studērēs	studēret	studērēmus	studērētis	studērent
	perfect	studuerim	studuerīs	studuerit	studuerīmus	studuerītis	studuerint
	pluperfect	studuissem	studuissēs	studuisset	studuissēmus	studuissētis	studuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	studē	—	—	studēte	—
	future	—	studētō	studētō	—	studētōte	studentō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		studēre	studuisse	—	—	—	—
participles		studēns	—	—	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		studendī	studendō	studendum	studendō	—	—

Derived terms

• studēns
• studium

Related terms

• studiolum
• studiōsē
• studiōsus

Descendants

• Afrikaans: studeer
• Albanian: studioj
• Aragonese: estudiar
• Asturian: estudiar
• Breton: studiañ
• Catalan: estudiar
• Cornish: studhya
• Corsican: studià
• Czech: studovat
• Danish: studere
• Dutch: studeren
• English: study
• Esperanto: studi
• Faroese: studera
• Franco-Provençal: êtudier, êtudiar
• French: étudier
  • ⇒ Haitian Creole: etidye
• Friulian: studiâ
• Galician: estudar
• German: studieren
  • ⇒ Lower Sorbian: studěrowaś
• Ido: studiar
• Interlingua: studiar
• Irish: staidéar
• Italian: studiare
• Kashubian: sztudérowac
• Ladin: studièr
• Latvian: studēt
• Ligurian: studiâ
• Lithuanian: studijuoti
• Lombard: stüdià
• Middle French: estudier
• Neapolitan: studià
• Norman: êtudier (Jersey)
• Norwegian: studere
• Occitan: estudiar
• Papiamentu: studia
• Piedmontese: studié
• Polish: studiować
• Portuguese: estudar, studar
• Romanian: studia
• Romansch: studegiar
• Russian: штудировать (študirovatʹ)
• Sardinian: istudiai, istudiare
• Serbo-Croatian: studírati (студи́рати)
• Sicilian: studiari
• Slovak: študovať
• Slovene: študirati
• Spanish: estudiar
• Swedish: studera
• Venetan: studiar
• Volapük: studön
• Walloon: studyî
• Welsh: astudio
• West Frisian: studearje
• Yiddish: שטודירן (shtudirn)

Further reading

• “studeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• studeo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “studeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• studeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• studere in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to look favourably upon; to support: studere, favere alicui
    
  • to study Greek literature: graecis litteris studere
    
  • to have an inclination for a thing: studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei
    
  • to have a taste for agriculture: agriculturae studere (opp. agriculturam deserere)
    
  • to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of..: alicuius partibus studere
    
  • to hold revolutionary opinions: novis rebus studere
    
• studeo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016