servio

See also: Servio and sérvio

Latin

Etymology

From servus (“slave, servant”) +‎ -iō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈser.u̯i.oː/, [ˈs̠ɛru̯ioː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈser.vi.o/, [ˈsɛrvio]

Verb

serviō (present infinitive servīre, perfect active servīvī or serviī, supine servītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive

to be a slave to; to serve [with dative]
Synonyms: oboediō, appāreō
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.103-104:
  “[...] Liceat Phrygiō servīre marītō,
  dōtālīsque tuae Tyriōs permittere dextrae.”
  “[This arrangement will] permit [Dido] to be enslaved to her Phrygian husband [Aeneas], and — as her dowry — to surrender the Tyrians into your hands.”
  (Juno mocks Dido and insults Venus’s son, Aeneas, yet tries to tempt Venus with shared dominion over Carthage.)
- Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII
  Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.
  No one is free who is a slave to his body.
to be devoted to, subject to [with dative]
Synonyms: dēdō, studeō
to have respect to, regard or care for, consult
Synonyms: cōnsulō, cūrō, accūrō, cōnsultō, colō, respiciō
to aim at
Synonyms: tendō, intendō, spectō, quaerō, affectō

Conjugation

The only passive forms found for this verb are third-person singular.

Conjugation of serviō (fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	serviō	servīs		servit	servīmus	servītis		serviunt
	imperfect	serviēbam, servībam	serviēbās, servībās		serviēbat, servībat	serviēbāmus, servībāmus	serviēbātis, servībātis		serviēbant, servībant
	future	serviam, servībō	serviēs, servībis		serviet, servībit	serviēmus, servībimus	serviētis, servībitis		servient, servībunt
	perfect	servīvī, serviī	servīvistī, servīstī, serviistī		servīvit, servīt, serviit	servīvimus, servīmus, serviimus	servīvistis, servīstis, serviistis		servīvērunt, servērunt, servīvēre, servēre, serviērunt, serviēre
	pluperfect	servīveram, servīram, servieram	servīverās, servīrās, servierās		servīverat, servīrat, servierat	servīverāmus, servīrāmus, servierāmus	servīverātis, servīrātis, servierātis		servīverant, servīrant, servierant
	future perfect	servīverō, servīrō, servierō	servīveris, servīris, servieris		servīverit, servīrit, servierit	servīverimus, servīrimus, servierimus	servīveritis, servīritis, servieritis		servīverint, servīrint, servierint
passive	present	—	—		servītur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		serviēbātur	—	—		—
	future	—	—		serviētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		servītum est	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		servītum erat	—	—		—
	future perfect	—	—		servītum erit	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	serviam	serviās		serviat	serviāmus	serviātis		serviant
	imperfect	servīrem	servīrēs		servīret	servīrēmus	servīrētis		servīrent
	perfect	servīverim, servīrim, servierim	servīverīs, servīrīs, servierīs		servīverit, servīrit, servierit	servīverīmus, servīrīmus, servierīmus	servīverītis, servīrītis, servierītis		servīverint, servīrint, servierint
	pluperfect	servīvissem, servīssem, serviissem	servīvissēs, servīssēs, serviissēs		servīvisset, servīsset, serviisset	servīvissēmus, servīssēmus, serviissēmus	servīvissētis, servīssētis, serviissētis		servīvissent, servīssent, serviissent
passive	present	—	—		serviātur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		servīrētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		servītum sit	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		servītum esset	—	—		—
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	servī		—	—	servīte		—
active	future	—	servītō		servītō	—	servītōte		serviuntō
passive	future	—	—		servītor	—	—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		servīre		servīrī		serviēns		—
future		servītūrum esse		servītum īrī		servītūrus		serviendum, serviundum
perfect		servīvisse, servīsse, serviisse		servītum esse		—		servītum
future perfect		—		servītum fore		—		—
perfect potential		servītūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		serviendī	serviendō		serviendum	serviendō	servītum		servītū

Related terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Megleno-Romanian: sirbes, sirbiri
- Old Romanian: șerbi
- → Albanian: shërbej
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: servire
- Sicilian: sèrbiri
Padanian:
- Friulian: servî
- Ligurian: servî
- Lombard: servir
- Piedmontese: serve, servì
- Romansch: servir, survir, sarvir, sarveir
- Venetan: servir
Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: servir
- Catalan: servir
- Franco-Provençal: servir
- Old French: servir
  - Middle French: servir
    - → English: serve
    - French: servir
      - German: servieren
        Norwegian Bokmål: servere
  - Walloon: siervi
- Old Occitan: servir
  - Occitan: servir
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: sirvir, servir
- Old Galician-Portuguese: servir
  - Fala: servil
  - Galician: servir
  - Portuguese: servir
    - → Hunsrik: sërviere
- Spanish: servir
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: selvire, serbire, serbiri, servire, serviri

References

“servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
servio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
- to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: commodis alicuius servire
- to have regard for one's good name: famae servire, consulere
- to be the slave of one's desires: cupiditatibus servire, pārēre
- to be careful of one's dignity: dignitati suae servire, consulere
- (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)