consulo

Latin

Etymology

con- +‎ *sulo, a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).^[1] Compare with cōnsul and cōnsilium. Cognate with English sell, sale.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.su.loː/, [ˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.su.lo/, [ˈkɔnsulo]

Verb

cōnsulō (present infinitive cōnsulere, perfect active cōnsuluī, supine cōnsultum); third conjugation

(transitive) to consult, seek counsel from, take counsel from
Synonyms: cōnsultō, dēlīberō
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
  Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.
  When the consuls Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba took up the magistracy on the Ides of March, they summoned the senate to the Capitoline Hill and consulted the senators on issues regarding the state, the handling of the war, the provinces and the armies.
to deliberate
(transitive, intransitive, followed by the accusative or with de) to reflect upon, deliberate over, think (something) over
Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, dēlīberō, putō, pendō, cōnsīderō, reputō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, videō, versō
to give thought to, have regard for
(transitive, followed by the dative) to look after the interests of, take care of (someone)
Synonyms: cūrō, accūrō, prōcūrō, cū̆stōdiō, servō, videō, respiciō, colō, cōnsultō, caveō, serviō

Legati ad eum venissent oratum ut sibi ignosceret suaeque vitae consuleret ― Ambassadors came to him to beg that he would pardon them and take care of their lives (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 12)

ut suis fortunis consulat ― in order that he might take care of their properties (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 8)
(transitive, followed by the dative) to be mindful of, pay attention to (someone's safety, life; dignity, reputation, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cōnsulō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnsulō	cōnsulis		cōnsulit	cōnsulimus	cōnsulitis		cōnsulunt
	imperfect	cōnsulēbam	cōnsulēbās		cōnsulēbat	cōnsulēbāmus	cōnsulēbātis		cōnsulēbant
	future	cōnsulam	cōnsulēs		cōnsulet	cōnsulēmus	cōnsulētis		cōnsulent
	perfect	cōnsuluī	cōnsuluistī		cōnsuluit	cōnsuluimus	cōnsuluistis		cōnsuluērunt, cōnsuluēre
	pluperfect	cōnsulueram	cōnsuluerās		cōnsuluerat	cōnsuluerāmus	cōnsuluerātis		cōnsuluerant
	future perfect	cōnsuluerō	cōnsulueris		cōnsuluerit	cōnsuluerimus	cōnsulueritis		cōnsuluerint
passive	present	cōnsulor	cōnsuleris, cōnsulere		cōnsulitur	cōnsulimur	cōnsuliminī		cōnsuluntur
	imperfect	cōnsulēbar	cōnsulēbāris, cōnsulēbāre		cōnsulēbātur	cōnsulēbāmur	cōnsulēbāminī		cōnsulēbantur
	future	cōnsular	cōnsulēris, cōnsulēre		cōnsulētur	cōnsulēmur	cōnsulēminī		cōnsulentur
	perfect	cōnsultus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnsultus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnsultus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnsulam	cōnsulās		cōnsulat	cōnsulāmus	cōnsulātis		cōnsulant
	imperfect	cōnsulerem	cōnsulerēs		cōnsuleret	cōnsulerēmus	cōnsulerētis		cōnsulerent
	perfect	cōnsuluerim	cōnsuluerīs		cōnsuluerit	cōnsuluerīmus	cōnsuluerītis		cōnsuluerint
	pluperfect	cōnsuluissem	cōnsuluissēs		cōnsuluisset	cōnsuluissēmus	cōnsuluissētis		cōnsuluissent
passive	present	cōnsular	cōnsulāris, cōnsulāre		cōnsulātur	cōnsulāmur	cōnsulāminī		cōnsulantur
	imperfect	cōnsulerer	cōnsulerēris, cōnsulerēre		cōnsulerētur	cōnsulerēmur	cōnsulerēminī		cōnsulerentur
	perfect	cōnsultus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cōnsultus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	cōnsule		—	—	cōnsulite		—
active	future	—	cōnsulitō		cōnsulitō	—	cōnsulitōte		cōnsuluntō
passive	present	—	cōnsulere		—	—	cōnsuliminī		—
passive	future	—	cōnsulitor		cōnsulitor	—	—		cōnsuluntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		cōnsulere		cōnsulī		cōnsulēns		—
future		cōnsultūrum esse		cōnsultum īrī		cōnsultūrus		cōnsulendus, cōnsulundus
perfect		cōnsuluisse		cōnsultum esse		—		cōnsultus
future perfect		—		cōnsultum fore		—		—
perfect potential		cōnsultūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		cōnsulendī	cōnsulendō		cōnsulendum	cōnsulendō	cōnsultum		cōnsultū

Derived terms

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 899
“consulo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“consulo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
consulo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to take care of one's health: valetudini consulere, operam dare
- to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests: saluti suae consulere, prospicere
- to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests: suis rebus or sibi consulere
- to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: rationibus alicuius prospicere or consulere (opp. officere, obstare, adversari)
- to have regard for one's good name: famae servire, consulere
- to consult an oracle: oraculum consulere
- to consult the Sibylline books: libros Sibyllinos adire, consulere, inspicere
- to further the public interests: rei publicae rationibus or simply rei publicae consulere
- to be careful of one's dignity: dignitati suae servire, consulere
- to consult the senators on a matter: patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28)
- to deal severely with a person: graviter consulere in aliquem (Liv. 8. 13)
- (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
- (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

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