cupio

See also: 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌏

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kupiō, from a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “become agitated, bubbles up”), English hope.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈku.pi.oː/, [ˈkʊpioː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈku.pi.o/, [ˈkuːpio]

Verb

cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant

to desire, long for
Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō

Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō
to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
- Cupio omnia quaevis.
  Your wishes are mine.
  (literally, “I favor whatever you want.”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cupiō (third conjugation iō-variant)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cupiō	cupis	cupit	cupimus	cupitis	cupiunt
	imperfect	cupiēbam	cupiēbās	cupiēbat	cupiēbāmus	cupiēbātis	cupiēbant
	future	cupiam	cupiēs	cupiet	cupiēmus	cupiētis	cupient
	perfect	cupīvī, cupiī	cupīvistī, cupiistī, cupīstī¹	cupīvit, cupiit, cupīt¹	cupīvimus, cupiimus, cupīmus¹	cupīvistis, cupiistis, cupīstis¹	cupīvērunt, cupīvēre, cupiērunt, cupiēre, cupīrunt¹
	pluperfect	cupīveram, cupieram, cupīram¹	cupīverās, cupierās, cupīrās¹	cupīverat, cupierat, cupīrat¹	cupīverāmus, cupierāmus, cupīrāmus¹	cupīverātis, cupierātis, cupīrātis¹	cupīverant, cupierant, cupīrant¹
	future perfect	cupīverō, cupierō, cupīrō¹	cupīveris, cupieris, cupīris¹	cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit¹	cupīverimus, cupierimus, cupīrimus¹	cupīveritis, cupieritis, cupīritis¹	cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint¹
passive	present	cupior	cuperis, cupere	cupitur	cupimur	cupiminī	cupiuntur
	imperfect	cupiēbar	cupiēbāris, cupiēbāre	cupiēbātur	cupiēbāmur	cupiēbāminī	cupiēbantur
	future	cupiar	cupiēris, cupiēre	cupiētur	cupiēmur	cupiēminī	cupientur
	perfect	cupītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cupītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cupiam	cupiās	cupiat	cupiāmus	cupiātis	cupiant
imperfect	cuperem	cuperēs	cuperet	cuperēmus	cuperētis	cuperent
perfect	cupīverim, cupierim, cupīrim¹	cupīverīs, cupierīs, cupīrīs¹	cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit¹	cupīverīmus, cupierīmus, cupīrīmus¹	cupīverītis, cupierītis, cupīrītis¹	cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint¹
pluperfect	cupīvissem, cupiissem, cupīssem¹	cupīvissēs, cupiissēs, cupīssēs¹	cupīvisset, cupiisset, cupīsset¹	cupīvissēmus, cupiissēmus, cupīssēmus¹	cupīvissētis, cupiissētis, cupīssētis¹	cupīvissent, cupiissent, cupīssent¹
passive	present	cupiar	cupiāris, cupiāre	cupiātur	cupiāmur	cupiāminī	cupiantur
imperfect	cuperer	cuperēris, cuperēre	cuperētur	cuperēmur	cuperēminī	cuperentur
perfect	cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cupe	—	—	cupite	—
active	future	—	cupitō	cupitō	—	cupitōte	cupiuntō
passive	present	—	cupere	—	—	cupiminī	—
passive	future	—	cupitor	cupitor	—	—	cupiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cupere	cupīvisse, cupiisse, cupīsse¹	cupītūrum esse	cupī	cupītum esse	cupītum īrī
participles		cupiēns	—	cupītūrus	—	cupītus	cupiendus, cupiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cupiendī	cupiendō	cupiendum	cupiendō	cupītum	cupītū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Related terms

Descendants

Sardinian: cubere
Walloon: keûre
→ Italian: cupere
→⇒ English: cupiosexual

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupīre:

Franco-Provençal: kvi, kevi
Old French: covir
- Norman: coui
Old Occitan: cobir
>? Sardinian: cubire

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupiscere:

Franc-Comtois: quevatre

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cŭpĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1551