astudio

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle English studien + -io, influenced by astud (“diligent”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /asˈdɨ̞djɔ/, [asˈtɨ̞djɔ]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /asˈdɪdjɔ/, [asˈtɪdjɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɨ̞djɔ

Verb

astudio (first-person singular present astudiaf)

1. (transitive) to study

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	astudiaf	astudi	astudia	astudiwn	astudiwch	astudiant	astudir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	astudiwn	astudit	astudiai	astudiem	astudiech	astudient	astudid
preterite	astudiais	astudiaist	astudiodd	astudiasom	astudiasoch	astudiasant	astudiwyd
pluperfect	astudiaswn	astudiasit	astudiasai	astudiasem	astudiasech	astudiasent	astudiasid, astudiesid
present subjunctive	astudiwyf	astudiech	astudio	astudiom	astudioch	astudiont	astudier
imperative	—	astudia	astudied	astudiwn	astudiwch	astudient	astudier
verbal noun	astudio
verbal adjectives	astudiedig astudiadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	astudia i, astudiaf i	astudi di	astudith o/e/hi, astudiff e/hi	astudiwn ni	astudiwch chi	astudian nhw
conditional	astudiwn i, astudiswn i	astudiet ti, astudiset ti	astudiai fo/fe/hi, astudisai fo/fe/hi	astudien ni, astudisen ni	astudiech chi, astudisech chi	astudien nhw, astudisen nhw
preterite	astudiais i, astudies i	astudiaist ti, astudiest ti	astudiodd o/e/hi	astudion ni	astudioch chi	astudion nhw
imperative	—	astudia	—	—	astudiwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• astudiaeth (“study”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of astudio

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
astudio	unchanged	unchanged	hastudio

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.